Abstract
This paper considers coercion contracts in voting systems with end-to-end (E2E) verifiability. Contracts are a set of instructions that an adversary can dictate to a voter, either through duress or by offering payment, that increase the probability of a compliant voter constructing a vote for the adversary’s preferred candidate. Using a representative E2E system, we place the attacks in game-theoretic terms and study the effectiveness of three proposed contracts from the literature. We offer a definition of optimality for contracts, provide an algorithm for generating optimal contracts, and show that as the number of candidates increases, the adversary’s advantage through the use of contracts decreases. We also consider the use of contracts in a heterogeneous population of voters and for financially constrained adversaries.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Adida, B.: Helios: web-based open-audit voting. In: USENIX Security Symposium (2008)
Adida, B., Neff, C.A.: Ballot Casting Assurance. In: Electronic Voting Technology Workshop, EVT (2006)
Adida, B., Rivest, R.L.: Scratch & vote: self-contained paper-based cryptographic voting. In: Workshop on Privacy in Electronic Society (2006)
Bartholdi, J., Orlin, J.: Single transferable vote resists strategic voting. Social Choice and Welfare 8(4) (1991)
Benaloh, J.: Ballot Casting Assurance via Voter-Initiated Poll Station Auditing. In: Electronic Voting Technology Workshop, EVT (2007)
Benaloh, J.: Secret sharing homomorphisms: Keeping a secret secret. In: Eurocrypt 1986 (1986)
Benaloh, J.: Simple veriable elections. In: Electronic Voting Technology Workshop, EVT (2006)
Benaloh, J., Tuinstra, D.: Receipt-free secret-ballot elections. In: ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC (1994)
Bohli, J., Müller-Quade, J., Röhrich, S.: Bingo Voting: Secure and Coercion-Free Voting Using a Trusted Random Number Generator. In: Alkassar, A., Volkamer, M. (eds.) VOTE-ID 2007. LNCS, vol. 4896, pp. 111–124. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Chaum, D., Carback, R., Clark, J., Essex, A., Popoveniuc, S., Rivest, R., Ryan, P., Shen, E., Sherman, A.: Scantegrity II: End-to-End Verifiability for Optical Scan Election Systems using Invisible Ink Confirmation Codes. In: Electronic Voting Technology Workshop, EVT (2008)
Chaum, D., Essex, A., Carback, R., Clark, J., Popoveniuc, S., Sherman, A., Vora, P.: Scantegrity: End-to-End Voter Verifiable Optical-Scan Voting. IEEE Security & Privacy 6(3) (2008)
Chaum, D.: Secret-Ballot Receipts: True Voter-Verifiable Elections. IEEE Security & Privacy 2(1) (2004)
Chaum, D.: Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms. Communications of the ACM (1981)
Chaum, D., Ryan, P.Y.A., Schneider, S.: A practical, voter-verifiable election scheme. Technical Report CS-TR-880, University of Newcastle upon Tyne (2004)
Fisher, K., Carback, R., Sherman, A.T.: Punchscan: introduction and system definition of a high-integrity election system. In: Workshop on Trustworthy Elections, WOTE (2006)
Juels, A., Catalano, D., Jakobsson, M.: Coercion-Resistant Electronic Elections. In: Workshop on Privacy in Electronic Society (2005)
Kelsey, J., Regenscheid, A., Moran, T., Chaum, D.: Hacking Paper: Some Random Attacks on Paper-Based E2E Systems. Frontiers of Electronic Voting (2007)
Moran, T., Naor, M.: Split-Ballot Voting: Everlasting Privacy With Distributed Trust. In: ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS (2007)
Myers, A.C., Clarkson, M., Chong, S.: Civitas: Toward a secure voting system. In: IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2008)
Neff, C.A.: A Veriable Secret Shufe and its Application to E-Voting. In: ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS (2001)
Osbourne, M.J.: An introduction to game theory. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2003)
Park, C., Itoh, K., Kurosawa, K.: All/Nothing Election Scheme and Anonymous Channel. In: Eurocrypt 1993 (1993)
Popoveniuc, S., Hosp, B.: An introduction to Punchscan. In: Workshop on Trustworthy Elections, WOTE (2007)
Rivest, R., Smith, W.D.: Three Voting Protocols: ThreeBallot, VAV, and Twin. In: Electronic Voting Technology Workshop, EVT (2007)
Sandler, D.R., Derr, K., Wallach, D.S.: VoteBox: a tamper-evident, veriable electronic voting system. In: USENIX Security Symposium (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Clark, J., Hengartner, U., Larson, K. (2009). Not-So Hidden Information:. In: Ryan, P.Y.A., Schoenmakers, B. (eds) E-Voting and Identity. Vote-ID 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5767. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04135-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04135-8_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04134-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04135-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)