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Fußpilze der Pflanzen: Mykorrhizae

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Mikrobiologie von Böden

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Zusammenfassung

Die Symbiose zwischen Fungi (Echten Pilzen) und den Feinwurzeln von Pflanzen wird als Mykorrhiza (gr. mykes = Pilz und rhiza = Wurzel) oder Pilzwurzel bezeichnet. Diese Lebensgemeinschaft ist unter Pflanzen die am weitesten verbreitete und wichtigste Symbiose. Die Symbiosen sind überwiegend mutualistisch, weil beide Partner aus der morphologisch-physiologischen Beziehung Nutzen ziehen. Der Mykobiont versorgt die Pflanze mit Wasser und mineralischen Nährstoffen (vor allem N und P) aus dem Boden, während der Phytobiont den Pilzhyphen Assimilate (Kohlenhydrate), Lipide und Vitamine zukommen lässt. Der Forstwissenschaftler und Mykologe R. Hartig (1839–1901) berichtete bereits in den Jahren 1873/1874 über das Vorkommen von Pilzhyphen in dunkelgefärbten Feinwurzeln von jungen Fichtenbeständen (Picea abies). Weil sich aber die (vermeintlich kranken) „infizierten“ Jungbäume sichtbar besser entwickelten als die benachbarten, nicht befallenen Exemplare, schrieb er dem betreffenden Pilz (Agaricus melleus) eine wachstumsfördernde Wirkung auf die Nadelbäume zu.

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  1. Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland

    Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow

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  1. Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow
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Ottow, J. (2011). Fußpilze der Pflanzen: Mykorrhizae. In: Mikrobiologie von Böden. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00824-5_18

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