Abstract
Ultra-fast optical signal processing is a promising technology for future photonic networks. This paper describes possible applications of nonlinear fibers to optical signal processing. The third-order optical nonlinearities in a fiber are discussed by analyzing the interaction of co-propagating optical waves. The properties of a nonlinear fiber are then considered in terms of optimizing the dispersion for achieving phase matching and decreasing walk-off. A highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is a practical candidate for an ultra-high-speed signal processor. Using HNLF, the following experiments are successfully demonstated: ultra-broadband wavelength conversion/optical phase conjugation by four-wave mixing, 160 Gb/s optical 3R-regeneration, and optical switching up to 640 Gb/s using a parametric amplified fiber switch. Steps for further improvements are also discussed.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
K.E. Stubkjaer, Semiconductor optical amplifier-based all-optical gates for high-speed optical processing, IEEE J. Select Top Quantum Electron, 6, 1428–1435 (2000).
S.J.B. Yoo, Wavelength conversion technologies for WDM network applications, J. Lightwave Technol., 14, 955–966 (1996).
S. Watanabe and F. Futami, All-optical signal processing using highly-nonlinear optical fibers, IEICE Trans., E84-B, 1179–1189 (2001).
S. Watanabe and F. Futami, All-optical wavelength conversion using ultra-fast nonlinearities in optical fiber, IEICE Trans., E85-C, 889–895 (2002).
S. Watanabe, S. Takeda, G. Ishikawa, H. Ooi, J.G. Nielsen, and C. Sonne, Simultaneous wavelength conversion and optical phase conjugation of 200 Gb/s (5×40 Gb/s) WDM signal using a highly nonlinear fiber four-wave mixer, Proc. Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communications/24th European Conference on Optical Communications (IOOC/ECOC’97) at Edinburgh, UK, September 1997, Post-deadline Paper TH3A, pp. 1–4.
S. Watanabe, S. Takeda, and T. Chikama, Interband wavelength conversion of 320 Gb/s (32 × 10 Gb/s) WDM signal using a polarization-insensitive fiber four-wave mixer, Proc. 24th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC’98) at Madrid, Spain, September 1998, Post-deadline paper, p. 85.
S. Nakamura, Y. Ueno, and K. Tajima, 168-Gb/s all-optical wavelength conversion with a symmetric-Mach-Zehnder-type switch, Photon. Technol. Lett., 13, 1091–1093 (2001).
J. Yu and P. Jeppesen, 80-Gb/s wavelength conversion based on cross-phase modulation in high-nonlinearity dispersion-shifted fiber and optical filtering, IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., 13, 833–835 (2001).
U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, C. Schubert, J. Berger, C. Schmidt, H.G. Weber, B. Schmauss, A. Munk, B. Buchold, D. Briggmann, F. Kueppers, and F. Rumpf: 160 Gbit/s transmission over 116 km field-installed fiber using 160 Gbit/s OTDM and 40 Gbit/s ETDM, Electron. Lett., 37, 443–445 (2001).
S. Kawanishi, H. Takara, K. Uchiyama, I. Shake, K. Mori, 3 Tbit/s (160 Gbit/s × 19 channel) optical TDM and WDM transmission experiment, Electron. Lett., 35, 826–827 (1999).
M. Nakazawa, T. Yamamoto, and K. R. Tamura, 1.28 Tbit/s-70 km OTDM transmission using third-and fourth-order simultaneous dispersion compensation with a phase modulator, Electron. Lett., 36, 2027–2029 (2000).
M. Jinno, Effects of group velocity dispersion on self/cross phase modulation in a nonlinear Sagnac interferometer switch, J. Lightwave Technol., 10, 1167–1178 (1992).
J.K. Lucek and K. Smith, All-optical signal regenerator, Opt. Lett., 18, 1226–1228 (1993).
J.C. Simon, L. Billes, A. Dupas, and L. Bramerie, All optical regeneration techniques, Proc. 25th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC’99) at Nice, France, 1999, II, pp. 256–257.
B. Sartorius, All-optical 3R signal regeneration, Proc. 26th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC2000) at Munich, Germany, September 2000, Paper 9.4.1, pp. 293–294.
H. Yokoyama, H. Kurita, T. Shimizu, I. Ogura, Y. Hashimoto, R. Kuribayashi, M. Shirane, and H. Yamada, All-optical clock extraction and signal regeneration with mode-locked laser diodes, Proc. 7th International Workshop on Femtosecond Technology (FST 2000) at Tukuba, Japan, June 30, 2000, p. 71.
B. Sartorius, C. Bornholdt, S. Bauer, M. Moehrle, P. Brindel, and O. Leclerc, System application of 40 GHz all-optical clock in a 40 Gbit/s optical 3R regenerator, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2000) at Baltimore, USA, 2000, Paper PD11.
D. Wolfson, A. Kloch, T. Fjelde, C. Janz, B. Dagens, and M. Renaud, 40-Gb/s all-optical wavelength conversion, regeneration, and demultiplexing in a SOA-based all-active Mach-Zehnder interferometer, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 12, 332–334 (2000).
A.E. Kelly, I.D. Phillips, R.J. Manning, A.D. Ellis, D. Nesset, D.G. Moodie, and R. Kashyap, 80 Gbit/s all-optical regenerative wavelength conversion using semiconductor optical amplifier based interferometer, Electron. Lett., 35, 1477–1478 (1999).
Y. Ueno, S. Nakamura, and K. Tajima, Penalty-free error-free all-optical data pulse regeneration at 84 Gbps with Symmetric-Mach-Zehnder-type regenerator, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2001) at Anaheim, CA, USA, 2001, Paper MG5-1.
T. Otani, T. Miyazaki, and S. Yamamoto, Optical 3R regenerator using wavelength converters based on electroabsorption modulator for all-optical network applications, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 12, 431–433 (2000).
M. Nakazawa, E. Yamada, H. Kubota, and K. Suzuki, 10 Gbit/s soliton data transmission over million kilometers, Electron. Lett, 27, 1270–1272 (1991).
S. Bigo, O. Leclerc, and E. Desurvire, All-optical fiber signal processing and regeneration for Soliton communications, IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron., 3, 1208–1223 (1997).
R. Ludwig, C. Schubert, S. Watanabe, F. Futami, C. Schmidt, J. Berger, C. Boerner, S. Ferber, and H. G. Weber, 160 Gbit/s 3R-regenerating wavelength converter, Proc. 7th Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC’02) at Yokohama, Japan, 2002, Post-deadline paper, PD1-3.
S. Watanabe, F. Futami, R. Okabe, Y. Takita, S. Ferber, R. Ludwig, C. Schubert, C. Schmidt, and H.G. Weber, 160 Gbit/s Optical 3R-Regenerator in A Fiber Transmission Experiment, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2003) at Atlanta, Georgia, USA, March 2003, Post-deadline Paper, PD16.
S. Watanabe, R. Ludwig, F. Futami, C. Schubert, S. Ferber, C. Boerner, C. Schmidt-Langhorst, J. Berger, and H.G. Weber, Ultrafast all-optical 3R-regeneration, IEICE Trans., E87-C, 1114–1118 (2004).
H. Takara, T. Ohara, K. Mori, K. Sato, E. Yamada, Y. Inoue, T. Shibata, M. Abe, T. Morioka, and K-I. Sato, More than 1000 channel optical frequency chain generation from single supercontinuum source with 12.5 GHz channel spacing, Electron. Lett., 36, 2089–2090 (2000).
F. Futami, S. Watanabe, and T. Chikama, Simultaneous recovery of 20 × 20 GHz WDM optical clocks using supercontinuum in a nonlinear fiber: Proc. 26th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC2000) at Munich, Germany, September 2000, Post-deadline paper 2.8.
F. Futami and S. Watanabe, All-optical data addition to a time slot in 160-Gb/s OTDM signal using wavelength conversion by supercontinuum generation: Proc. 27th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC2001) at Amsterdam, Netherlands, September 2001, Paper WeB2, pp.306–307.
C. Schmidt, F. Futami, S. Watanabe, T. Yamamoto, C. Schubert, J. Berger, M. Kroh, H.-J. Ehrke, E. Dietrich, C. Boerner, R. Ludwig, and H.G. Weber, Optical Q-factor monitoring at 160 Gb/s using an optical sampling system in an 80 km transmission experiment, Proc. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO 2002) at Long Beach, 2002, CThU3.
J. Li, J. Hansryd, P. O. Hedekvist, P. A. Andrekson, and S. N. Knudsen: 300 Gbit/s eye-diagram measurement by optical sampling using fiber based parametric amplification, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2001) at Anaheim, CA, 2001, Post-deadline paper.
N. Yamada, N. Banjo, H. Ohta, S. Nogiwa, and Y. Yanagisawa, 320-Gb/s eye diagram measurement by optical sampling system using a passively mode-locked fiber laser, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2002) at Anaheim, CA, 2002, Paper ThU3.
M. Shirane, Y. Hashimoto, H. Kurita, H. Yamada, and H. Yokoyama, Optical sampling measurement with all-optical clock recovery using mode-locked diode lasers, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2001) at Anaheim, CA, 2001, Paper MG2.
H. Takara, S. Kawanishi, A. Yokoo, S. Tomaru, T. Kitoh, and M. Saruwatari, 100 Gbit/s optical signal eye-diagram measurement with optical sampling using organic nonlinear optical crystal, Electron. Lett., 32, 2256–2258 (1996).
K. Igawa, A. Otani, and Y. Tsuda, Novel Optical Sampling Oscilloscope without traditional trigger technique and measurement of optical short pulse modulated PRBS pattern, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2004) at Los Angeles, 2004, CA, 2004, Paper MF73.
S. Watanabe, G. Ishikawa, T. Naito, and T. Chikama, Generation of optical phase-conjugate waves and compensation for pulse shape distortion in a single-mode fiber, J. Lightwave Technol., 12, 2139–2146 (1994).
G._P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 2nd. ed. (Academic Press, San Francisco, CA, 1995).
K. Inoue, Four-wave mixing in an optical fiber in the zero-dispersion wavelength region, J. Lightwave Technol., 10, 1553–1561 (1992).
M. Onishi, T. Okuno, T. Kashiwada, S. Ishikawa, N. Akasaka, and M. Nishimura, Highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber and its application to broadband wavelength converter, Proc. Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communications/24th European Conference on Optical Communications (IOOC/ECOC’97) at Edinburgh, UK, September 1997, Paper TU2C, pp.115–118.
C.D. Poole, and D.L. Favin: Polarization-mode dispersion measurements based on transmission spectra through a polarizer, J. Lightwave Technol., 12, 917–929 (1994).
J.H. Lee, W. Belardi, K. Furusawa, P. Petropoulos, Z. Yusoff, T.M. Monro, D.J. Richardson, Four-wave mixing based 10-Gb/s tunable wavelength conversion using a holey fiber with a high SBS threshold, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 15, 440–442 (2003).
R. Hainberger, and S. Watanabe, Wavelength dependence of the nonlinear coefficient of highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers, 9th Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference/3rd International Conference on Optical Internet (OECC/COIN2004) at Yokohama, Japan, July 2004, Paper 16E1-3.
P. Petropoulos, T.M. Monro, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, K. Frampton, R.C. Moore, H.N. Rutt, and D.J. Richardson, Soliton-self-frequency-shift effects and pulse compression in an anomalously dispersive high nonlinearity lead silicate holey fiber, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2003) at Atlanta, Georgia, USA, March 2003, Post-deadline paper PD3 Atlanta.
M. Asobe, H. Kobayashi, and H. Itoh, Laser-diode-driven ultrafast all-optical switching by using highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass fiber, Opt. Lett., 18, 1056–1058 (1993).
N. Sugimoto, T. Nagashima, T. Hasegawa, S. Ohara, K. Taira, and K. Kikuchi, Bismuth-based optical fiber with nonlinear coefficient of 1360 W−1 km−1, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2004) at Los Angeles, 2004, CA, Post-deadline paper PD26.
S. Watanabe and M Shirasaki, Exact compensation for both chromatic dispersion and Kerr effect in a transmission fiber using optical phase conjugation, J. Lightwave Technol., 14, 243–248 (1996).
A. Yariv, D. Fekete, and D.M. Pepper, Compensation for channel dispersion by nonlinear optical phase conjugation, Opt. Lett., 4, 52–65 (1979).
S. Watanabe, T. Naito and T. Chikama, Compensation of chromatic dispersion in a single-mode fiber by optical phase conjugation, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 5, 92–95 (1993).
S. Watanabe, S. Kaneko, and T. Chikama, Long-haul fiber transmission using optical phase conjugation, Optical Fiber Technologies, 2, 169–178 (1996).
T. Yamamoto, L.K. Oxenlowe, C. Schmidt, C. Schubert, E. Hilliger, U. Feiste, J. Berger, R. Ludwig, and H.G. Weber, Clock recovery from 160 Gbit/s data signals using phase-locked loop with interferometric optical switch based on semiconductor optical amplifier, Electron. Lett., 37, 509–510 (2001).
O. Kamatani and S. Kawanishi, Prescaled timing extraction from 400 Gb/s optical signal using a phase lock loop based on four-wave-mixing in a laser diode amplifier, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 8, 1094–1096 (1996).
C. Boerner, S. Watanabe, F. Futami, R. Okabe, S. Ferber, C. Schubert, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt-Langhorst, and H.G. Weber, 160 Gbit/s clock recovery in a 3R-regenerating wavelength converter, Proc. 30th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC2004) at Stochholm, Sweden, September 2004, Paper We3.5.6, pp. 440–441.
P.V. Mamyshev, All-optical data regeneration based on self-phase modulation effect, Proc. 24th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC’98) at Madrid, Spain, September 1998, 1, p.475.
S. Watanabe, R. Okabe, F. Futami, R. Hainberger, C. Schmidt-Langhorst, C. Schubert, and H.G. Weber, Novel fiber Kerr-switch with parametric gain: Demonstration of optical demultiplexing and sampling up to 640 Gb/s, Proc. 30th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC2004) at Stockholm, Sweden, September 2004, Post-deadline paper Th4.1.6, pp.12–13.
J. Hansryd, P.A. Andrekson, M. Westlund, J. Li, P.-O. Hedekvist, Fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers and their applications, IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron., 8, 506–520 (2002).
F. Futami, R. Okabe, Y. Takita, and S. Watanabe, Transparent wavelength conversion at up to 160 Gb/s by using supercontinuum generation in a nonlinear fiber, Proc. Optical Amplifiers and Applications (OAA 2003) at Otaru, Japan, 2003, Paper MD07.
S. Ferber, R. Ludwig, F. Futami, S. Watanabe, C. Boerner, C. Schmidt-Langhorst, L. Molle, K. Habel, M. Rohde, H.-G. Weber, 160 Gb/s regenerating conversion node, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2004) at Los Angeles, 2004, CA, 2004, Paper ThT2.
T. Akiyama, M. Ekawa, M. Sugawara, H. Sudo, K. Kawaguchi, A. Kuramatsu, H. Ebe, H. Imai, and Y. Arakawa, An ultrawide-band (120 nm) semiconductor optical amplifier having an extremely-high penalty-free output power of 23 dBm realized with quantum-dot active layers, Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC2004) at Los Angeles, 2004, CA, Post-deadline paper, PD12.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer Science+Business Media Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Watanabe, S. (2005). Optical signal processing using nonlinear fibers. In: Weber, HG., Nakazawa, M. (eds) Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Transmission Technology. Optical and Fiber Communications Reports, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68005-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68005-5_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-23878-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68005-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)