Skip to main content

Fighting Against Child Exploitation: Policy Implications

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Child Exploitation in the Global South

Abstract

The debate concerning the fight against child labour has given rise to two rather different positions. On the one hand, abolitionists who rely on international conventions argue for a total eradication of the phenomenon.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akabayashi, H., & Psacharopoulos, G. (1999). The trade-off between child labour and human capital formation: A Tanzanian case study. The Journal of Development Studies, 35(5), 120–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amin, A. A. (1994). The socio-economic impact of child labour in Cameroon. Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, capital et société, 27(2), 234–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amin, S., Quayes, M. S., & Rives, J. M. (2004). Poverty and other determinants of child labor in Bangladesh. Southern Economic Journal, 70(4), 876–892.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird, S., McIntosh, C., & Özler, B. (2011). Cash or condition? Evidence from a cash transfer experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(4), 1709–1753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ballet, J., & Bhukuth, A. (2016). Recruitment patterns of child trafficking in Madagascar: An analysis based on missing and recovered children. Journal of Human Trafficking, 2(3), 235–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ballet, J., Biggeri, M., & Comim, F. (2011). Children’s agency and the capability approach: A conceptual framework. In M. Biggeri, J. Ballet, & F. Comim (Eds.), Children and the capability approach (pp. 22–45). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ballet, J., Bhukuth, A., & Carimentrand, A. (2014). Child labor and responsible consumers: From boycotts to social labels, illustrated by the Indian hand-knotted carpet industry. Business and Society, 53(1), 71–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrientos, A., & Hulme, D. (2009). Social protection for the poor and poorest in developing countries: Reflections on a quiet revolution: Commentary. Oxford Development Studies, 37(4), 439–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, K. (1999). Child labor: Cause, consequence, and cure, with remarks on international labor standards. Journal of Economic Literature, 37(3), 1083–1119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, K., & Tzannatos, Z. (2003). The global child labor problem: What do we know and what can we do? The World Bank Economic Review, 17(2), 147–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, K., Das, S., & Dutta, B. (2010). Child labor and household wealth: Theory and empirical evidence of an inverted-U. Journal of Development Economics, 91(1), 8–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beegle, K., Dehejia, R. H., & Gatti, R. (2006). Child labor and agricultural shocks. Journal of Development Economics, 81(1), 80–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennell, P. (1996). General versus vocational secondary education in developing countries: A review of the rates of return evidence. The Journal of Development Studies, 33(2), 230–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennell, P., & Segerstrom, J. (1998). Vocational education and training in developing countries: Has the World Bank got it right? International Journal of Educational Development, 18(4), 271–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatty, K. (1996). Child labour: Breaking the vicious cycle. Economic and Political Weekly, 31(7), 384–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhukuth, A., & Bennani, N. (2007). Le travail des enfants au Maroc: l’intégration par l’économie informelle. Centre d’Économie et d’Éthique pour l’Environnement et le Développement, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhukuth, A., Ballet, J., & Radja, K. (2005, September). L’apprentissage: une alternative au travail des enfants. In Paper for the Fifth International Conference on the Capability Approach “Knowledge in Public Action: Education, Responsibility, Collective Agency, Equity” (pp. 11–14).

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggeri, M., & Mehotra, S. (2011). Child poverty as capability deprivation: How to choose domains of child well-being and poverty. In M. Biggeri, J. Ballet, & F. Comim (Eds.), Children and the capability approach (pp. 46–75). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Biggeri, M., Libanora, R., Mariani, S., & Menchini, L. (2006). Children conceptualizing their capabilities: Results of a survey conducted during the first children’s world congress on child labour. Journal of Human Development, 7(1), 59–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnet, M. (1993). Child labour in Africa. International Labour Review, 132(3), 371–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourguignon, F., Ferreira, F. H., & Leite, P. G. (2003). Conditional cash transfers, schooling, and child labor: Micro-simulating Brazil’s Bolsa Escola program. The World Bank Economic Review, 17(2), 229–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyden, J., Ling, B., & Myers, W. (1998). What works for working children. Stockholm: Save the Children Sweden, Rädda Barnen, UNICEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buono, C., & Babo, A. (2013). Travail des enfants dans les exploitations de cacao en Côte d’Ivoire. Pour une réconciliation entre normes locales et normes internationales autour du « bic »,  du balai et de la machette. Mondes en développement, 3, 69–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camfield, L., & Tafere, Y. (2011). Good for children? Local understandings versus universal prescriptions: Evidence from three Ethiopian communities. In M. Biggeri, J. Ballet, & F. Comim (Eds.), Children and the capability approach (pp. 200–221). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Charmes, J., & Oudin, X. (1994). Formation sur le tas dans le secteur informel. Afrique contemporaine, 172, 230–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das, J., Do, Q. T., & Özler, B. (2005). Reassessing conditional cash transfer programs. The World Bank Research Observer, 20(1), 57–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Boeck, F. (2005). The divine seed. Children, gift & witchcraft in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In A. Honwana & F. De Boeck (Eds.), Makers & breakers. Children & youth in postcolonial Africa (pp. 188–214). Oxford: Africa World Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Janvry, A., Finan, F., Sadoulet, E., & Vakis, R. (2006). Can conditional cash transfer programs serve as safety nets in keeping children at school and from working when exposed to shocks? Journal of Development Economics, 79(2), 349–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devereux, S. (2001). Livelihood insecurity and social protection: A reemerging issue in rural development. Development Policy Review, 19(4), 507–519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doezema, D. J. (2013). Sex slaves and discourse masters: The construction of trafficking. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmonds, E. V. (2005). Does child labor decline with improving economic status? Journal of Human Resources, 40(1), 77–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edmonds, E. V., & Schady, N. (2012). Poverty alleviation and child labor. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 4(4), 100–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, F., Devereux, S., & White, P. (2009). Social protection in Africa. Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, I., & Wood, G. (2004). Insecurity and welfare regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America: Social policy in development contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Grier, B. (1994). Invisible hands: The political economy of child labour in colonial Zimbabwe, 1890–1930. Journal of Southern African Studies, 20(1), 27–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamzetta, B. O. (2004). Responsabilité, Handicaps, Accidents et Opportunités sociales en Mauritanie. Ethique et économique, 2(2). https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1866/3315/2004v2n2_HAMZETTA.pdf?sequence=1.

  • Holzmann, R., & Jorgensen, S. (2001). Risk and vulnerability: The forward looking role of social protection in a globalizing world. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kielland, A., & Tovo, M. C. (2006). Children at work: Child labor practices in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lansdown, G. (2005). The evolving capacities of the child. Florence, Italy: Innocent Insight, Save the Children-UNICEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenroot, K. F. (1936). Annual meeting of the league of nations advisory commission for the protection and welfare of children and young people. Social Service Review, 10(3), 517–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liebel, M. (2003). Working children as social subjects: The contribution of working children’s organizations to social transformations. Childhood, 10(3), 265–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liebel, M. (2015). Protecting the rights of working children instead of banning child labour. The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 23(3), 529–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maya Jariego, I. (2017). “But we want to work”: The movement of child workers in Peru and the actions for reducing child labor. American Journal of Community Psychology, 60(3–4), 430–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morice, A. (1982). Underpaid child labour and social reproduction: Apprenticeship in Kaolack, Senegal. Development and Change, 13(4), 515–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, W., & Boyden, J. (1998). Child labour: Promoting the best interests of working children. London: Save the Children Alliance.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nieuwenhuys, O. (1996). The paradox of child labor and anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 25(1), 237–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nieuwenhuys, O. (2000). The household economy in the commercial exploitation of children’s work: The case of Kerala. In B. Schlemmer (Ed.), The exploited child (pp. 278–291). London and New York: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oketch, M. O. (2007). To vocationalise or not to vocationalise? Perspectives on current trends and issues in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Africa. International Journal of Educational Development, 27(2), 220–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Padron, M. H., & Ballet, J. (2011). Child agency and identity: The case of Peruvian children in a transitional situation. In M. Biggeri, J. Ballet, & F. Comim (Eds.), Children and the capability approach (pp. 162–174). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Palley, T. I. (2002). The child labor problem and the need for international labor standards. Journal of Economic Issues, 36(3), 601–615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ranjan, P. (2001). Credit constraints and the phenomenon of child labor. Journal of Development Economics, 64(1), 81–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, B., & Slater, R. (2006). Social cash transfers in low income African countries: Conditional or unconditional? Development Policy Review, 24(5), 571–578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serrokh, B. (2011). Micro-finance, street children and the capability approach: Is micro-finance an appropriate tool to address the street children issue? In M. Biggeri, J. Ballet, & F. Comim (Eds.), Children and the capability approach (pp. 175–199). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Skoufias, E., Parker, S. W., Behrman, J. R., & Pessino, C. (2001). Conditional cash transfers and their impact on child work and schooling: Evidence from the progresa program in Mexico. Economia, 2(1), 45–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soares, F. V., Ribas, R. P., & Osório, R. G. (2010). Evaluating the impact of Brazil’s Bolsa Familia: Cash transfer programs in comparative perspective. Latin American Research Review, 45(2), 173–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sommerfelt, T. (Ed.). (2003). Domestic child labour in Morocco, Fafo report 370. Oslo: Fafo Institute for Applied Social Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swaminathan, M. (1998). Economic growth and the persistence of child labor: Evidence from an Indian city. World Development, 26(8), 1513–1528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNDP. (2016). Social protection for sustainable development: Dialogues between Africa and Brazil. World Centre for Sustainable Development, Rio+ Centre, Rio, Brazil.

    Google Scholar 

  • van den Berge, M. P. (2006). Working children: Their agency and self-organization. Ethics and Economics, 4(1). https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1866/3365/2006v4n1_BERGE.pdf.

  • Watson, K. (1994). Technical and vocational education in developing countries: Western paradigms and comparative methodology. Comparative Education, 30(2), 85–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2015). The state of social safety nets 2015. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ballet, J., Bhukuth, A. (2019). Fighting Against Child Exploitation: Policy Implications. In: Ballet, J., Bhukuth, A. (eds) Child Exploitation in the Global South. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91177-9_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics