Abstract
This chapter examines precariousness as represented in the two twenty-first century emblematic Venezuelan films, Pelo malo and Brecha en el silencio, and precariousness as a condition for the films’ modes of production, exhibition, and distribution. Undoubtedly, film-production conditions in the first seventeen years of the twenty-first century in Venezuela have been extremely challenging due to sweeping sociopolitical transformations initiated in 1999 that have polarized Venezuelan society. These two texts are suited for the examination of these transformations as well as of the contrasting reception of texts at international film festivals and critics’ forums, which privilege certain ideologies. All these intersections between the global and the local make Venezuelan cinematic culture an indispensable object for the study of the precarious in contemporary cinema.
The original version of this chapter was revised: Author name has been updated. The erratum to this chapter is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76807-6_15
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Works Cited
Acosta, José Miguel, et al. Panorama histórico del cine en Venezuela. Caracas: Fundación Cinemateca Nacional, 1997.
Aray, Edmundo (Coord). Ley de Cinematografía Nacional. Propuesta de reforma parcial de la Ley de la Cinematografía Nacional. Exposición de motivos a 21 años de la Ley de Cinematografía Nacional y a 10 años de su primera reforma. Foro del Cine Venezolano, 2014.
Bardan, Alice. “The New European Cinema of Precarity: A Transnational Perspective.” In Work in Cinema: Labor and the Human Condition, edited by Ewa Mazierska, 69−90. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
Berlant, Lauren. Cruel Optimism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011.
Burucúa, Constanza. “Young Women at the Margins: Discourses of Exclusion in Two Films by Solveig Hoogesteijn.” In Latin American Women Filmmakers: Production, Politics, Poetics, edited by Deborah Martin and Deborah Shaw, 172−193. London: I.B. Tauris, 2017.
De la Fuente, Anna Marie. “With Even Popcorn Scarce, Venezuela Works to Keep Entertainment Business Running.” Variety. July 14, 2017. http://variety.com.
Farrell, Michelle Leigh. A Revolution of Consciousness: Redefining Venezuelan National Identities Through Cinema. Georgetown University, 2011. Unpublished Dissertation.
Farrell, Michelle Leigh. “Pelo malo: Representing Symbolic Violence in the Intricacies of Venezuela’s Contemporary Film Landscape.” Cincinnati Romance Review 42 (Spring 2017): 190−210.
Forero, Juan. “Venezuelan Film Studio Tries to Counter Hollywood: Populist Government Dives Headfirst into Movie Business.” Washington Post. October 7, 2007. http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Venezuelan-film-studio-tries-to-counter-Hollywood-2536522.php.
Fundación Villa del Cine. “Tenemos tres años haciendo cine venezolano.” Prensa FVC (June 2009).
Fundación Villa del Cine. Villa del Cine. Quiénes somos. Website (April 2010). http://www.villadelcine.gob.ve/index.php/quienes-somos/sobre-la-villa.
Gamba, Pablo. “El juego de la identidad.” El espectador imaginario 49 (February 2014). http://www.elespectadorimaginario.com/pelo-malo/.
García, Rocío, and Gregorio Belinchón. “Chávez nos sentenció a la guerra.” El País. September 29, 2013. https://elpais.com/cultura/2013/09/28/actualidad/1380390514_383994.html.
Getino, Octavio. Cine iberoamericano. Los desafíos del nuevo siglo. Buenos Aires: CICCUS, 2007.
Gómez, Ángel Ricardo. “Entrevista Philippe Toledano. La parte débil del cine local es el guión.” El Universal. October 6, 2008. http://www.eluniversal.com.
Gómez, Robert Andrés. “Jonathan Jakubowicz. Por las calles de Hollywood.” El Universal. April 28, 2008. http://archivo.eluniversal.com/aniversario/99/imp_99a3_art_jonathan-jakubowicz_28A1533439.
Guadarrama Olivera, Rocío, Alfredo Hualde Alfaro, and Silvia López Estrada. “Precariedad laboral y heterogeneidad ocupacional: una propuesta teórico-metodológica.” Revista Mexicana de Sociología 74, no. 2 (2012): 213−243.
Güerere, Abdel. Personal Interview. December 2017.
Isea, Antonio Miguel. “Transmisión y coproducción cinematográfica de afectividades y masculinidad en la Venezuela del siglo XXI: re-visiones de Pelo malo.” Paper. LASA Conference 2017, Lima.
Jameson, Fredric. “Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism.” Social Text, no. 15 (1986): 65−88.
Maestro, Goyo G. “Lilian Tintori: ‘No podemos esperar a 2019 para echar a Maduro del poder’.” La razón. December 8, 2015. http://www.larazon.es/internacional/lilian-tintori-no-podemos-esperar-a-2019-para-echar-a-maduro-del-poder-JK11392874.
Meza, Alfredo. “El cine venezolano que prescinde de las malas palabras.” El País. October 12, 2013. https://elpais.com/cultura/.
Mora, Miguel. “Dogma cubano por el cine pobre. Humberto Solás y Jorge Perugorría presentan su manifiesto radical.” El País. June 29, 2001. https://elpais.com/diario/2001/06/29/cine/993765610_850215.html.
Page, Joanna. Crisis and Capitalism in Contemporary Argentine Cinema. Durham: Duke UP, 2009.
¿Puede mejorar la calidad del cine venezolano? Debate with Pablo Gamba, Iván Zambrano and Bernardo Rotundo (Caracas, March 6, 2017). http://encine.escuelanacionaldecine.com.ve/?p=5173).
Qüast, Rubén. “Abdel Güerere dicta conferencia sobre cine en la UNICA.” Rubén Qüast’s blog. May 12, 2012. http://rubenquast.blogspot.com.es/2012/05/adbel-guerere-dicta-conferencia-sobre.html.
Rey, Germán. Tendencias y perspectivas del mercado audiovisual en tres países de América Latina. UNESCO, 2005. http://cinelatinoamericano.org/ocal/versiontexto.aspx?cod=10625&txb=.
Rocha, Glauber. “Down with Populism.” In Twenty-Five Years of The New Latin American Cinema, edited by Michael Chanan, 15−16. London: BFI and Channel Four, 1983.
Rodríguez, Andrés. Personal Interview. December 2016.
Rodríguez, Andrés and Luis Rodríguez. Brecha en el silencio. Fundación Villa del Cine, 2013.
Rondón, Mariana. Pelo malo. Sudaca Films, 2013.
Rondón, Mariana. Los cuadernos de cinema. Guiones. 23. Pelo malo, no. 3. http://cinema23.com/cuadernos/pelo-malo/.
Sánchez Amaya, Humberto. “Cambios en el CNAC alarman al gremio del cine en Venezuela.” El nacional. July 30, 2017. http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/cine/cambios-cnac-alarman-gremio-del-cine-venezuela_195984.
Sánchez Amaya, Humberto. “Juan Carlos Lossada: Cada vez fue más difícil vencer trabas burocráticas.” El nacional. August 2, 2017. http://www.elnacional.com.
Standing, Guy. The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2011.
“Una censura más en Venezuela: la película ‘El Inca’.” CNN, Edición Español. March 3, 2017. http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/cnnee-camilo-intvw-ignacio-castillo-pelicula-el-inca-censurada-en-venezuela/.
Vázquez, Mercedes. “Secuestro express and La clase: Politics of Realism in Contemporary Venezuelan Filmmaking.” Jump Cut, no. 52 (2010). http://ejumpcut.org/archive/jc52.2010/vasquezVenezuela/index.html.
Villazana, Libia. “De una política cultural a una cultura politizada: La República Bolivariana de Venezuela y su revolución cultural en el sector audiovisual.” In E Pluribus Unum? National and Transnational Identities in the Americas = Identidades nacionales y transnacionales en las Américas, edited by Josef Raab and Sebastian Thies, 161−173. Münster: LIT, Tempe, 2008.
Villazana, Libia. “The Politics of the Audiovisual Cultural Revolution in Latin America and the Caribbean.” In Counter-Globalization and Socialism in the 21st Century: The Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America, edited by Thomas Mur, 188−202. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Wright, Erik Olin. “Is the Precariat a Class?” Global Labour Journal 7, no. 2 (2016): 123−135.
Xavier, Ismail. Allegories of Underdevelopment: Aesthetics and Politics in Modern Brazilian Cinema. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997.
Zúñiga Álvarez, Genny. La precariedad del empleo en Venezuela. Una clave para la superación de la pobreza. Caracas: Asociación civil para la promoción de estudios sociales-Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, 2011.
Zweig, Noah. “Villa Del Cine (Cinema City): Constructing Bolivarian Citizens for the Twenty-First Century.” Situations 4, no. 1 (2011): 133−149.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vázquez Vázquez, M.M. (2018). Precariousness in Contemporary Venezuelan Filmmaking: Pelo malo and Brecha en el silencio. In: Burucúa, C., Sitnisky, C. (eds) The Precarious in the Cinemas of the Americas. Global Cinema. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76807-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76807-6_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76806-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76807-6
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)