Abstract
This chapter discusses the mediated circulation of local memories of war and violence in the Rif region of Morocco. Karrouche focuses on how what she calls “mediating memories” shape the identities and agency of several generations of Berber activists in both Morocco and its diaspora. She focuses on memories of violent episodes in the region, in particular the “intifadat el-khubz” uprising of the 1980s. In doing so Karrouche canvases how memories of trauma and victimization circulate and are shaped by their mediated transmission. This chapter observes how remembrance of violent episodes can produce claims to regional autonomy and a local Berber and Rifian identity—modes of attachment that are conceived very differently from state-centered authority and Arab (and Islamic) identity.
Similar content being viewed by others
Work Cited
Alcoff, Linda Martin. 2000. Who’s Afraid of Identity Politics In Reclaiming Identity: Realist Theory and the Predicament of Postmodernism, ed. Paula M. L. Moya and Michael R. Hames-Garcia, 312–344. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Ankersmit, Frank. 2005. Sublime Historical Experience. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Assmann, Jan. 2008. Communicative and Cultural Memory. In Cultural Memory Studies: An International and Interdisciplinary Handbook, ed. Astrid Erll, Ansgar Nünning, in collaboration with Sara B. Young, 109–118. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter.
Bell, Duncan S.A. 2003. Mythscapes: Memory, Mythology and National Identity. The British Journal of Sociology 54 (1): 63–81.
Berger, Stefan. 2011. Narrating the Nation: Historiography and Other Genres. In Narrating the Nation: Representations in History, Media and the Arts, ed. Stefan Berger, Linas Eriksonas, and Andrew Mycock, 1–18. New York: Berghahn Books.
Brockmeier, Jens. 2010. After the Archive: Remapping Memory. Culture & Psychology 16 (1): 5–35.
Brown, Norman R., Peter J. Lee, Mirna Krslak, Frederick G. Conrad, Tia G.B. Hansen, Jelena Havelka, and John R. Reddon. 2009. Living in History: How War, Terrorism and Natural Disaster Affect the Organization of Autobiographical Memory. Psychological Science 20 (4): 399–405.
Connerton, Paul. 2008. Seven Types of Forgetting. Memory Studies 1 (1): 59–71.
De Haas, Hein. 2009. International Migration and Regional Development in Morocco: A Review. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 35 (10): 1571–1593.
Erll, Astrid. 2010. Regional Integration and (Trans.) Cultural Memory. Asia Europe Journal 8 (3): 305–315.
———. 2011. “Travelling Memory.” Parallax 17 (4): 4–18.
Fokkema, Tineke, and Carel Harmsen. 2009. Herkomst en vestiging van de eerste generatie Marokkanen. Demos 25 (5): 1–4.
Frijhoff, Willem. 2011. De mist van de geschiedenis: Over herinneren, vergeten en het historische geheugen van de samenleving. Nijmegen: Vantilt.
Giesen, Bernhard. 2004. Noncontemporaneity, Asynchronicity and Divided Memories. Time & Society 13 (1): 27–40.
Halbwachs, Maurice. 1992. On Collective Memory, trans. and ed. Lewis A. Coser. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hart, David M. 1976. The Aith Waryaghar of the Moroccan Rif: An Ethnography and History. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Hirsch, Marianne. 2002. Marked by Memory: Feminist Reflections on Trauma and Transmission. In Extremities: Trauma, Testimony and Community, ed. Nancy K. Miller and Jason Tougaw, 71–91. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
———. 2008. The Generation of Postmemory. Poetics Today 29 (1): 103–128.
Hoffman, Katherine E., and Susan Gilson Miller (eds.). 2010. Introduction to Berbers and Others: Beyond Tribe and Nation in the Maghrib, 1–12. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Huyssen, Andreas. 2000. Present Pasts: Media, Politics, Amnesia. Public Culture 12 (1): 21–38.
Kansteiner, Wulf. 2002. Finding Meaning in Memory: A Methodological Critique of Collective Memory Studies. History and Theory 41 (2): 179–197.
Kratochwil, Gabriele. 2002. Die Berberbewegung in Marokko: Zur Geschichte der Konstruktion einer ethnischen Identität (1912–1997). Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag.
Olick, Jeffrey K., and Joyce Robbins. 1998. Social Memory Studies: From ‘Collective Memory’ to the Historical Sociology of Mnemonic Practices. Annual Review of Sociology 24: 105–140.
Portelli, Alessandro. 1991. The Death of Luigi Trastulli and Other Stories: Form and Meaning in Oral History. New York: State University of New York Press.
Pouessel, Stéphanie. 2010. Les identités amazighes au Maroc. Paris: Non Lieu.
Reulecke, Jügen. 2008. Generation/Generationality, Generativity and Memory. In Media and Cultural Memory, ed. Astrid Erll and Ansgar Nünning, 119–126. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Sadiki, Larbi. 2000. Popular Uprisings and Arab Democratization. International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 32 (1): 73–79.
Sater, James N. 2010. Morocco: Challenges to Tradition and Modernity. London: Routledge.
Schiller, Nina Glick, and Georges Fouron. 2001. Georges Woke Up Laughing: Long-Distance Nationalism and the Search for Home. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Seddon, David. 1981. Moroccan Peasants: A Century of Change in the Eastern Rif, 1870–1970. Kent, UK: Dawson.
Smith, Anthony D. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell.
———. 2009. Ethno-Symbolism and Nationalism: A Cultural Approach. London: Routledge.
Smith, Sylvia. 2011. Flying the Flag for North Africa’s ‘Berber Spring.’ BBC News Africa, August 31. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14650257. Accessed 6 Aug 2016.
Zerubavel, Eviatar. 2003. Time Maps: Collective Memory and the Social Shape of the Past. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Karrouche, N. (2017). Memory as Protest: Mediating Memories of Violence and the Bread Riots in the Rif. In: Nikro, N., Hegasy, S. (eds) The Social Life of Memory. Palgrave Studies in Cultural Heritage and Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66622-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66622-8_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-66621-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-66622-8
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)