Abstract
The problem of the nation’s moral continuity must be resolved in any Australian statement of apology to Indigenous Australians, if they are to be reimagined as citizens of the nation. This chapter compares several Australian statements from members of Australia’s political elite, showing some of the ways that a nation and its victims/citizens were narratively configured in the 1990s. The chapter then turns to several Indigenous approaches to narrating the national and the personal past, illustrating that Indigenous standpoints vary by generation and by orientations to Christianity.
The author wants to thank Augie Fleras and Paul Spoonley for helpful comments on an earlier draft.
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Notes
- 1.
Melissa Nobles, The Politics of Official Apologies (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 72.
- 2.
Daniela Celermajer, The Sins of Nations and the Ritual of Apologies (New York: Cambridge University Press, c. 2009), 14–15.
- 3.
Ibid .
- 4.
See Tim Rowse, “The Indigenous Redemption of Liberal Universalism,” Modern Intellectual History 12, 2015, 579–603.
- 5.
Leopold von Ranke, “On the Character of Historical Science (A manuscript of the 1830s),” in The Theory and Practice of History, ed. Georg Iggers (Abingdon: Routledge, 2011), 15.
- 6.
Paul Keating, “The Redfern Park Speech” in Reconciliation: Essays on Australian Reconciliation, ed. Michelle Grattan (Melbourne: Black Inc., 2000), 61.
- 7.
Ibid .
- 8.
Ibid .
- 9.
Victoria Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 17 September 1997, Robert Dean, 114–5.
- 10.
New South Wales Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 18 June 1997, George Souris, 10537.
- 11.
New South Wales Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 18 June 1997, Peter Collins, 10529.
- 12.
New South Wales Parliamentary Debates. Legislative Assembly, 18 June 1997, Peter Cochran, 10541.
- 13.
New South Wales Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 18 June 1997, Clover Moore, 10540.
- 14.
South Australia Parliamentary Debates, House of Assembly, 28 May 1997, John Cummins, 1439–40.
- 15.
Queensland Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 3 June 1997, Peter Beattie, 1993–1994.
- 16.
New South Wales Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 18 June 1997, Ron Phillips, 10539; South Australia Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Council, 28 May 1997, Carolyn Pickles, 1426.
- 17.
Western Australia Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 28 May 1997, Eric Ripper, 3339.
- 18.
Tasmania Parliamentary Debates, House of Assembly, 13 August 1997, Jim Bacon, 38.
- 19.
Queensland Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 3 June 1997, Peter Beattie, 1993–1994.
- 20.
John Howard, “The Liberal Tradition: The Beliefs and Values Which Guide the Federal Government,” The 1996 Sir Robert Menzies Lecture. Available: https://pmtranscripts.dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/original/00010171.pdf [Accessed 13 September 2016]
- 21.
John Howard, “Opening Address To The Australian Reconciliation Convention – Melbourne 1997.” Available: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes/car/1997/4/pmspoken.html [Accessed 13 September 2016].
- 22.
Ibid .
- 23.
“Motion of Reconciliation”, Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives, 16 August 1999, John Howard, 9207.
- 24.
Jackie Huggins and Rita Huggins, Auntie Rita (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1994), 28–29.
- 25.
Deidre F. Jordan, “Aboriginal Identity: Uses Of The Past, Problems For The Future?,” in Past And Present: The Construction Of Aboriginality, ed. Jeremy Beckett (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1988), 119.
- 26.
Gillian Cowlishaw, “On ‘getting it wrong’: Collateral Damage in the History Wars,” Australian Historical Studies 127, 2006.
- 27.
Garry Trompf, “The Gospel And Culture: A Non-Aboriginal Perspective,” in Martung Upah: Black And White Australians Seeking Partnership, ed. Anne Pattel-Gray (Blackburn, Vic.: HarperCollins, 1996), 173.
- 28.
Anne Pattel-Gray, The great white flood: racism in Australia (Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, 1998). See the chapter “Reconciliation: A Facsimile Of Justice”, 219–240.
- 29.
Reverend David Passi, “Native Title (Mabo) From A Grass-Roots Perspective” in Martung Upah: Black and White Australians seeking partnership, ed. Anne Pattel-Gray (Blackburn, Vic.: HarperCollins, 1996).
- 30.
Anne Brewster, “‘That Child Is My Hero’: An interview with Alf Taylor,” Aboriginal History 31, 2007, 165.
- 31.
Ibid ., 169.
- 32.
Ibid ., 172.
- 33.
Ibid ., 169.
- 34.
Ibid .
Bibliography
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Celermajer, Daniela. The Sins of Nations and the Ritual of Apologies. New York: Cambridge University Press 2009.
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Nobles, Melissa. The Politics of Official Apologies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
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Ranke, Leopold von. “On the Character of Historical Science (A manuscript of the 1830s).” In The Theory and Practice of History, edited by Georg Iggers, 24–26. Abingdon: Routledge, 2011.
Rowse, Tim. “The Indigenous Redemption of Liberal Universalism.” Modern Intellectual History. 12, 2015: 579–603.
Trompf, Garry. “The Gospel And Culture: A Non-Aboriginal Perspective.” In Martung Upah: Black And White Australians Seeking Partnership, edited by Anne Pattel-Gray, 171–186. Blackburn, Vic.: HarperCollins, 1996.
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Rowse, T. (2017). Indigenous Citizenship and the Historical Imagination. In: Mann, J. (eds) Citizenship in Transnational Perspective. Politics of Citizenship and Migration. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53529-6_8
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