Abstract
This chapter sets the stage for a study which offers rich empirical data on the early stages of the Euro crisis. It reviews the existing literature on the different and competing facets of elite and media discourses on European identity in Germany, Poland, and Ireland before the crisis and explains and justifies the choice of case studies. It also outlines the materials chosen for analysis–political speeches and press releases and broadsheet and tabloid newspaper articles, the time periods chosen–the first Greek bailout, Ireland’s bailout and the agreement of the Fiscal Compact–alongside the qualitative method of frame analysis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Latvia joined the single currency on 1 January 2014 and Lithuania joined on 1 January 2015, bringing the number of Eurozone member states to 19.
- 2.
The Economist also points out that there is no homogeneity even amongst this ‘out’ group, arguing that ‘Britain’s prime aim is to avoid entanglement with the euro zone, but Poland’s is to avoid exclusion. Britain is calling the lawyers to set the terms for divorce […] Poland wants to be included in all discussions, and to avoid new obstacles to joining the monetary union’ (2011). There are, therefore, those members who are intent on remaining outside of the Eurozone and those members seeking eventual Euro membership.
List of Primary Sources Cited
Anderson, J. J. (1997). Hard Interests, Soft Power, and Germany’s Changing Role in Europe. In P. J. Katzenstein (Ed.), Tamed Power: Germany in Europe (pp. 80–107). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Banchoff, T. (1999). German Identity and European Integration. European Journal of International Relations, 5(3), 259–289.
Benford, R. D., & Snow, D. A. (2000). Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 611–639.
Boukala, S. (2014). Waiting for Democracy: Political Crisis and the Discursive (Re)invention of the ‘National Enemy’ in Times of ‘Grecovery’. Discourse & Society, 25(4), 483–499.
Bruter, M. (2005). Citizens of Europe? The Emergence of a Mass European Identity. Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bruter, M. (2009). Time Bomb? The Dynamic Effect of News and Symbols on the Political Identity of European Citizens. Comparative Political Studies, 42(12), 1498–1536.
Checkel, J. T., & Katzenstein, P. J. (Eds.) (2009). European Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davis Cross, M. A. K., & Ma, X. (2015). A Media Perspective on European Crises. In V. Guiraudon, C. Ruzza, & H.-J. Trenz (Eds.), Europe’s Prolonged Crisis, The Making or the Unmaking of a Political Union (pp. 210–231). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Díez Medrano, J. (2003). Framing Europe: Attitudes to European Integration in Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Donovan, D., & Murphy, A. E. (2013). The Fall of the Celtic Tiger: Ireland and the Euro Debt Crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dorgan, S. (2006). How Ireland became the Celtic Tiger. No. 1945. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2006/06/how-ireland-became-the-celtic-tiger, Accessed 17 December 2013.
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51–58.
Entman, R. M. (2004). Projections of Power. Framing News, Public Opinion and US Foreign Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Featherstone, K. (2011). The JCMS Annual Lecture: The Greek Sovereign Debt Crisis and EMU: A Failing State in a Skewed Regime. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 49(2), 193–217.
Ferriter, D. (2004). The Transformation of Ireland, 1900–2000. London: Profile.
Fligstein, N. (2009). Who Are the Europeans and How Does This Matter for Politics. In J. C. Checkel & P. J. Katzenstein (Eds.), European Identity (pp. 132–166). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
George, A. L., & Bennett, A. (2003). Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gillespie, P. (2012). Ireland and the Big Game Changer. Retrieved from http://www.boell.eu/downloads/Gillespie_Ireland_and_the_Big_Game_Changer(2).pdf, Accessed 16 December 2013.
Góra, M., & Mach, Z. (2010). Between Old Fears and New Challenges. In K. Nicolaïdis & J. Lacroix (Eds.), European Stories: Intellectual Debates on Europe in National Contexts (pp. 221–240). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hay, C., & Smith, N. (2013). The Resilience of Anglo-Liberalism in the Absence of Growth: The UK and Irish Cases. In V. A. Schmidt, & M. Thatcher (Eds.), Resilient Liberalism in Europe’s Political Economy (pp. 289–312). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hayward, K. (2009). Irish Nationalism and European Integration: The Official Redefinition of the Island of Ireland. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Hechinger, A. (2014). Trapped in National Perspectives? The Politicization of Europe’s Economic and Monetary Union in the Early Stages of the Euro Crisis. (PhD Thesis), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin.
Hedetoft, U. (1998). Germany’s National and European Identity: Normalisation By Other Means. In C. Lankowski (Ed.), Break Out, Break Down or Break In? Germany and the European Union After Amsterdam, AICGS Research Report No. 8. Washington, DC: American Institute for Contemporary German Studies.
Hodson, D. (2013). The Eurozone in 2012: ‘Whatever It Takes to Preserve the Euro’?. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 51(Annual Review), 183–200.
Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2009). A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus. British Journal of Political Science, 39(1), 1–23.
Hyde-Price, A., & Jeffery, C. (2001). Germany in the European Union: Constructing Normality. Journal of Common Market Studies, 39(4), 689–717.
Jedlicki, J. (1993). Poland’s Perpetual Return to Europe. Cross Currents, 12, 78–88.
Jeffery, C., & Paterson, W. (2003). Germany and European Integration: A Shifting of Tectonic Plates. West European Politics, 26(4), 59–75.
Kaelberer, M. (2005). Deutschmark Nationalism and Europeanized Identity: Exploring Identity Aspects of Germany’s Adoption of the Euro. German Politics, 14(3), 283–296.
Katzenstein, P. J. (1997). Tamed Power: Germany in Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Kitromilides, Y. (2012). The Irish Tragedy. In P. Arestis & M. Sawyer (Eds.), The Euro Crisis (pp. 159–194). Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Koopmans, R., & Statham, P. (Eds.) (2010). The Making of a European Public Sphere: Media Discourse and Political Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kundera, M. (1984). The Tragedy of Central Europe. New York Review of Books, 31, 7.
Kutter, A. (2015). A Model to the World? Journal of Language and Politics, 14(1), 41–64.
Manners, I. J. (2014). Political Psychology of European Integration. In C. Kinnvall, T. Capelos, & P. Nesbitt-Larking (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Global Political Psychology (pp. 263–278). Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Marcussen, M., Risse, T., Engelmann-Martin, D., Knopf, H. J., & Roscher, K. (1999). Constructing Europe? The Evolution of French, British and German Nation State Identities. Journal of European Public Policy, 6(4), 614–633.
Marsh, D. (2009). The Euro: The Politics of the New Global Currency. London: Yale University Press.
Matthijs, M. (2015). Powerful Rules Governing the Euro: The Perverse Logic of German Ideas. Journal of European Public Policy, 23(3), 375–391.
Mertes, M. (1996). Germany’s Social and Political Culture: Change through Consensus?. In M. Mertes, S. Muller, & H. A. Winkler (Eds.), In Search of Germany (pp. 1–34). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Michailidou, A., & Trenz, H.-J. (2015). The European Crisis and the Media: Media Autonomy, Public Perceptions and New Forms of Political Engagement. In V. Guiraudon, C. Ruzza, & H.-J. Trenz (Eds.), Europe’s Prolonged Crisis, The Making or the Unmaking of a Political Union (pp. 232–250). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Nedergaard, P., & Snaith, H. (2015). ‘As I Drifted on a River I Could Not Control’: The Unintended Ordoliberal Consequences of the Eurozone Crisis. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 53(5), 1094–1109.
Neumann, I. B. (1993). Russia as Central Europe’s Constituting Other. East European Politics & Societies, 7(2), 349–369.
Ntampoudi, I. (2013). The Good Guys, The Bad Guys and The Ugly Debt: The Eurozone Crisis and the Politics of Blaming. Paper presented at the Germany as a Global Actor: Annual Workshop of the German Politics Specialist Group (GPSG) of the PSA Institute for German Studies, University of Birmingham.
O’Donnell, R. (2000). The New Ireland in the New Europe. In R. O’Donnell (Ed.), Europe—the Irish Experience. Dublin: Institute of European Affairs.
Pappas, T. S. (2014). Populism and Crisis Politics in Greece. Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Paterson, W. E. (2011). The Reluctant Hegemon? Germany Moves Centre Stage in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies, 49(Annual Review), 59–77.
Pomorska, K., & Vanhoonacker, S. (2012). Poland in the Driving Seat: A Mature Presidency in Turbulent Times. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 50(Annual Review), 76–84.
Preston, P., & Metykova, M. (2009). Media, Political Communication and the European Public Sphere. In M. Krzyżanowski, A. Triandafyllidou, & R. Wodak (Eds.), The European Public Sphere and the Media: Europe In Crisis (pp. 34–50). Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Proissl, W. (2010). Why Germany Fell Out of Love With Europe. Bruegel Essay and Lecture Series. Retrieved from http://www.bruegel.org/publications/publication-detail/publication/417-why-germany-fell-out-of-love-with-europe/, Accessed 19 January 2011.
Quinn, B., & Connaughton, B. (2009). Mediating Forces and the Domestic Polity. In N. Rees, B. Quinn, & B. Connaughton (Eds.), Europeanisation and New Patterns of Governance in Ireland (pp. 34–52). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Ragin, C. C. (1994). Constructing Social Research: The Unity and Diversity of Method. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press.
Rees, N. (2009). The Irish Economy and Europe. In N. Rees, B. Quinn, & B. Connaughton (Eds.), Europeanisation and New Patterns of Governance in Ireland (pp. 80–102). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Reif, K. And Schmitt, H. (1980). Nine Second-Order National Elections – A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of European Election Results. European Journal Of Political Research, 8, 3–44.
Risse, T. (2010). A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Risse, T. (2013). Solidarität unter Fremden? Europäische Identität im Härtetest. KFG Working Paper Series No. 50. Retrieved from http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/kfgeu/kfgwp/wpseries/WorkingPaperKFG_50.pdf, Accessed 4 August 2014.
Risse, T. (2014). European Public Spheres, the Politicization of EU Affairs, and Its Consequences. In T. Risse & M. Van De Steeg (Eds.), European Public Spheres: Bringing Politics Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Risse, T., & Van De Steeg, M. (2003). An Emerging European Public Sphere? Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Clarifications. Paper presented at the conference Europeanisation of Public Spheres, Political Mobilisation, Public Communication and the European Union, Science Center, Berlin.
Schmidt, V. A. (2011a). The Problems of Identity and Legitimacy in the European Union: Is More Politics The Answer?. In S. Lucarelli, F. Cerutti, & V. A. Schmidt (Eds.), Debating Political Identity and Legitimacy in the European Union (pp. 16–37). Abingdon: Routledge.
Schmidt, V. A. (2014). Speaking to the Markets or to the People? A Discursive Institutionalist Analysis of the EU’s Sovereign Debt Crisis. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 16(1), 188–209.
Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European Politics: A Content Analysis of Press and Television News. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93–109.
Sidorenko, E. (2008). Which Way to Poland? Re-Emerging From Romantic Unity. In M. Myant & T. Cox (Eds.), Reinventing Poland: Economic and Political Transformation and Evolving National Identity (pp. 100–116). Abingdon: Routledge.
Smith, N. J.-A. (2005). Showcasing Globalisation?: The Political Economy of the Irish Republic. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Statham, P., & Trenz, H.-J. (2013). The Politicization of Europe: Contesting the Constitution in the Mass Media Vol. (8). London: Routledge.
Sternberg, C. S. (2013). The Struggle for EU Legitimacy: Public Contestation, 1950–2005. Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
The Economist. (2011). Charlemagne: Wake Up, Eurozone. The Economist, 22nd October 2011. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/21533392, Accessed October 22 2011.
Törnquist-Plewa, B. (2002). The Complex of an Unwanted Child: The Meanings of Europe in Polish Discourse. In M. A. Malmborg & B. Stråth (Eds.), The Meaning of Europe: Variety and Contention Within and Among Nations (pp. 215–241). Oxford: Berg.
Trenz, H.-J. (2004a). Media Coverage on European Governance: Exploring the European Public Sphere in National Quality Newspapers. European Journal of Communication, 19(3), 291–319.
Valkenburg, P. M., Semetko, H. A., & Vreese, C. H. D. (1999). The Effects of News Frames on Readers’ Thoughts and Recall. Communication Research, 26(5), 550.
Van De Steeg, M. (2006). Does a Public Sphere Exist in the European Union? An Analysis of the Content of the Debate on the Haider Case. European Journal of Political Research, 45, 609–634.
Van Esch, F. (2012). Why Germany Wanted EMU: The Role of Helmut Kohl’s Belief System and the Fall of the Berlin Wall. German Politics, 21(1), 34–52.
Vasilopoulou, S., Halikiopoulou, D., & Exadaktylos, T. (2014). Greece in Crisis: Austerity, Populism and the Politics of Blame. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(2), 388–402.
Wicke, C. (2015). Helmut Kohl’s Quest for Normality His Representation of the German Nation and Himself. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.
Wodak, R., & Boukala, S. (2015). European Identities and the Revival of Nationalism in the European Union. Journal of Language & Politics, 14(1), 87–109.
Zarycki, T. (2004). Uses of Russia: The Role of Russia in the Modern Polish National Identity. East European Politics & Societies, 18(4), 595–627.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Galpin, C. (2017). Comparing European Identities in Germany, Ireland and Poland. In: The Euro Crisis and European Identities. New Perspectives in German Political Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51611-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51611-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51610-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51611-0
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)