Abstract
“The EU Public Procurement Directives are hidden to most relevant actors behind the veil of the transposing national law. As a result the problem of unavailable damages remains defined by the national perspective. While considering the same problem, this book shifts the perspective to the point of view of EU law. What can EU law do in order to improve the effectiveness of damages for violations of public procurement breaches?”
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Notes
- 1.
HAUTE CONSULTING, Groei in rechtmatigheid, Onderzoek rechtmatigheid gemeenten 2006 (Zwanenburg, 2008).
- 2.
Memorie van Toelichting aanbestedingswet, TK 2005–2006, 30 501, nr 3 p 24.
- 3.
JM Hebly & FG Wilman, ‘Damages for Breach of Public Procurement Law. The Dutch Situation’, in D Fairgrieve & F Lichère (eds), Public Procurement Law. Damages as an Effective Remedy (Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2011), 87–88.
- 4.
JM Hebly, ET de Boer & FG Wilman, Rechtsbescherming bij aanbesteding (Paris, Uitgeverij Paris, 2007).
- 5.
As discussed among participants of the British Institute for International and Comparative Law conference ‘Celebrating 20 Years of Francovich in the EU’ held 17 November 2011.
- 6.
On litigation, Craig and Trybus report a change in the litigation attitude, attributing increasing awareness of the availability of procurement remedies as one of the reasons. P Craig & M Trybus, ‘Angleterre et Pays de Galles/England and Wales’, in R Noguellou et al (eds), Droit comparé des contrats publics (Bruylant, 2010), p 358.
- 7.
Alstom Transport v Eurostar International & Siemens [2011] EWHC 1828.
- 8.
C Alexander, ‘Vergaberechtlicher Schadensersatz gemäss §126 GWB’ (2009) Wettbewerb in Recht und Praxis, 28, p 29.
- 9.
HJ Prieß & FJ Hölzl, ‘Id quod interest! Schadensersatz im Vergaberecht nach der neuesten Rechtsprechung des EuGH und BGH’, in O Remien (ed), Schadensersatz im europäischen Privat- und Wirtschaftsrecht (Tübinger, Mohr Siebeck, 2012).
- 10.
HJ Prieß & FJ Hölzl, ‘Drei Worte des EuGH: Schadensersatz ohne Verschulden! – Zur gemeinschaftsrechtskonformen Auslegung des §126S. 1 GWB’ (2011) 1 Neue Zeitschrift für Baurecht und Vergaberecht 21, p 23. Not so Y Schnorbus, ‘Der Schadensersatzanspruch des Bieters bei der fehlerhaften Vergabe öffentlicher Aufträge’ (1999) BauR 77, p 106.
- 11.
See, eg Prieß & Hölzl, ‘Drei Worte des EuGH: Schadensersatz ohne Verschulden!’, above n 10, although the opinion of Prieß is that also aggrieved bidders are not interested in damages claims.
- 12.
N Gabayet in ‘Damages for Breach of Public Procurement Law. A French Perspective’, in D Fairgrieve and F Lichère (eds), Public Procurement Law. Damages as an Effective Remedy (Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2011), p 15.
- 13.
Notably in the contribution of W van Gerven, ‘Of Rights, Remedies and Procedures’ (2000) 37 Common Market Law Review 501; A Ward, Judicial Review and the Rights of Private Parties in EU Law (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007); and most normatively in M Dougan, National Remedies Before the Court of Justice: Issues of Harmonisation and Differentiation (Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2004).
- 14.
HW Micklitz & B de Witte, The European Court of Justice and the Autonomy of the Member States (Intersentia, 2011).
- 15.
HW Micklitz, The ECJ Between the Individual Citizen and the Member States: A Plea for a Judge-made European Law on Remedies (Florence, European University Institute, 2011).
- 16.
JT Oskierski, Schadensersatz im Europäischen Recht: Eine vergleichende Untersuchung des Acquis Communautaire und der EMRK (Baden-Baden, Nomos, 2010). Another contribution is A Biondi & M Farley, The Right to Damages in European Law (Alphen aan den Rijn, Kluwer Law International 2009), but covering much fewer legal instruments.
- 17.
P Craig & G de Búrca, EU Law: Text, Cases, and Materials (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011), pp 241–254.
- 18.
As discussed in the relevant policy documents published by the Commission, see ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/actionsdamages/. See also V Milutinovic, The “Right to Damages” Under EU Competition Law: From Courage v Crehan to the White Paper and beyond (Alphen aan den Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2010).
- 19.
SIGMA, Public Procurement Review Procedures, Sigma Paper No 30 (OECD 2000); SIGMA, Central Public Procurement Structures and Capacity in Member States of the European Union, Sigma Paper No 40 (OECD 2007a); and SIGMA, Public Procurement Review and Remedies Systems in the European Union, Sigma Paper No 41 (OECD 2007b).
- 20.
D Pachnou, The Effectiveness of Bidder Remedies for Enforcing the EC Public Procurement Rules: a Case Study of the Public Works Sector in the United Kingdom and Greece (Dissertation, University of Nottingham, 2003).
- 21.
S Treumer & F Lichère, Enforcement of the EU public procurement rules (København, DJØF Publishing, 2011).
- 22.
D Fairgrieve & F Lichère, Public Procurement Law: Damages as an Effective Remedy (Oxford, Hart, 2011).
- 23.
A confident authority in the field of EU public procurement is Arrowsmith, see S Arrowsmith, The Law of Public and Utilities Procurement (London, Sweet & Maxwell, 2005), updated volumes available in 2014/2015.
- 24.
The present book extrapolates the procurement-specific insights only to a limited degree to general observations on damages for breaches of EU law. In other publications, I have argued that damages are marked by a trans-substantive trend, meaning that they are transversally applied across substantive fields of law. First, most damages provisions are overarching general provisions. Secondly, and specifically within EU judge-made law, the Court has relied on cases rendered in other subject areas, so that there is an important spill-over between different areas of law. Lastly, this trans-substantive interpretation is reinforced through the increasing recourse to fundamental/human rights language. See H Schebesta ‘Procedural theory in EU law’ in K Purnhagen and P Rott (eds), Varieties of European Economic Regulation (New York, Springer, 2014).
- 25.
The judgment was later squashed, but because the higher court disagreed with the establishment of liability, not with the method of valuation.
Bibliography
Alexander, C (2009) ‘Vergaberechtlicher Schadensersatz gemäss §126 GWB’ Wettbewerb in Recht und Praxis 28.
Arrowsmith, S (2005) The Law of Public and Utilities Procurement, 2nd edition (London, Sweet & Maxwell).
Biondi, A & Farley, M (2009) The Right to Damages in European Law (Alphen aan den Rijn, Kluwer Law International).
Craig, P & de Búrca, G (2011) EU Law: Text, Cases, and Materials (Oxford, Oxford University Press)
Craig, P & Trybus, M (2010) ‘Angleterre et Pays de Galles/England and Wales’, in R Noguellou et al (eds), Droit comparé des contrats publics (Bruylant).
Dougan, M (2004) National Remedies Before the Court of Justice: Issues of Harmonisation and Differentiation (Oxford, Hart Publishing).
Fairgrieve, D & Lichère, F (eds) (2011), Public Procurement Law. Damages as an Effective Remedy (Oxford, Hart Publishing).
Gabayet, N (2011) ‘Damages for Breach of Public Procurement Law. A French Perspective’, in D Fairgrieve and F Lichère (eds), Public Procurement Law. Damages as an Effective Remedy (Oxford, Hart Publishing).
HAUTE CONSULTING (2008), Groei in rechtmatigheid, Onderzoek rechtmatigheid gemeenten 2006 (Zwanenburg).
Hebly, JM, de Boer, ET & Wilman, FG (2007) Rechtsbescherming bij aanbesteding (Paris, Uitgeverij Paris).
Hebly, JM & FG Wilman, FG (2011) ‘Damages for Breach of Public Procurement Law. The Dutch Situation’, in D Fairgrieve & F Lichère (eds), Public Procurement Law. Damages as an Effective Remedy (Oxford, Hart Publishing).
Micklitz, HW (2011) The ECJ Between the Individual Citizen and the Member States: A Plea for a Judge-made European Law on Remedies (Florence, European University Institute).
Micklitz, HW & B de Witte, B (2011) The European Court of Justice and the Autonomy of the Member States (Intersentia).
Milutinovic, V (2010) The “Right to Damages” Under EU Competition Law: From Courage v Crehan to the White Paper and beyond (Alphen aan den Rijn, Kluwer Law International).
Oskierski, JT (2010) Schadensersatz im Europäischen Recht: Eine vergleichende Untersuchung des Acquis Communautaire und der EMRK (Baden-Baden, Nomos).
Pachnou, D (2003) The Effectiveness of Bidder Remedies for Enforcing the EC Public Procurement Rules: A Case Study of the Public Works Sector in the United Kingdom and Greece (Dissertation, University of Nottingham).
Prieß, HJ & Hölzl, FJ (2011) ‘Drei Worte des EuGH: Schadensersatz ohne Verschulden! – Zur gemeinschaftsrechtskonformen Auslegung des §126S. 1 GWB’ (2011) 1 Neue Zeitschrift für Baurecht und Vergaberecht 21.
Prieß, HJ & Hölzl, FJ (2012) ‘Id quod interest! Schadensersatz im Vergaberecht nach der neuesten Rechtsprechung des EuGH und BGH’, in O Remien (ed), Schadensersatz im europäischen Privat- und Wirtschaftsrecht (Tübinger, Mohr Siebeck).
Schebesta, H (2014) ‘Procedural theory in EU law’ in K Purnhagen and P Rott (eds), Varieties of European Economic Regulation (New York, Springer).
Schnorbus, Y (1999) ‘Der Schadensersatzanspruch des Bieters bei der fehlerhaften Vergabe öffentlicher Aufträge’ BauR 77, 106.
SIGMA (2000) Public Procurement Review Procedures, Sigma Paper No 30 (OECD).
SIGMA (2007a) Central Public Procurement Structures and Capacity in Member States of the European Union, Sigma Paper No 40 (OECD).
SIGMA (2007b) Public Procurement Review and Remedies Systems in the European Union, Sigma Paper No 41 (OECD).
Treumer, S & Lichère, F (eds) (2011) Enforcement of the EU public procurement rules (København, DJØF Publishing).
van Gerven, W (2000) ‘Of Rights, Remedies and Procedures’ 37 Common Market Law Review 501, 504.
Ward, A (2007) Judicial Review and the Rights of Private Parties in EU Law (Oxford, Oxford University Press).
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Schebesta, H. (2016). Introduction. In: Damages in EU Public Procurement Law. Studies in European Economic Law and Regulation, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23612-4_1
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