Zusammenfassung
Meist immergrüne Sträucheroder Bäume, die durch Samen verbreitet werden. Die Samen sind nackt, d. h. echte Früchte fehlen in den allermeisten Fällen. Die Blütezeit der Abteilung lag im Mesozoicum. Die heute noch lebenden Formen steilen, mit Ausnahme der Coniferopsida, nur noch die letzten Reste von einst artenreichen Sippen dar.
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Hegnauer, R. (1962). Gymnospermae. In: Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen. Lehrbücher und Monographien aus dem Gebiete der Exakten Wissenschaften, vol 14. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9389-3_19
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