Skip to main content

Just War Theory: Past, Present, and Future

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of International Political Theory

Abstract

When if ever is the resort to war justified? What limits should be placed upon its conduct? And how should we hold the perpetrators of war crimes accountable for their wrongdoing? The just war tradition provides a set of answers to these questions. This chapter provides a critical overview of that tradition. It offers not just a detailed history of the tradition’s development from classical times to the present day, but also an analysis of how the tradition is in danger of becoming a captive of its own past. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the challenges facing the just war tradition today, paying specific attention to the need to ground just war reasoning so that it speaks to the muddy realities of the contemporary battlefield.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Augustine. 2006. Questions on the Heptateuch [VI.10]. In The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings, 82. Oxford: Blackwell Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergman Rosamond, Annika, and Annica Kronsell. 2020. Cosmopolitanism and Individual Ethical Reflection: The Embodied Experiences of Swedish Veterans. Critical Military Studies 8 (2): 159–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Chris. 2013. Just War and Political Judgement. In Just War: Authority, Tradition, and Practice, ed. Anthony F. Lang, Jr., Cian O’Driscoll, and John Williams, 35–48. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2018. Michael Walzer. In Just War Thinkers: From Cicero to the 21st Century, ed. Daniel R. Brunstetter and Cian O’Driscoll, 205–215. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunstetter, Daniel R. 2018. Bartolome de las Casas. In Just War Thinkers: From Cicero to the 21st Century, ed. Daniel R. Brunstetter and Cian O’Driscoll, 92–104. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, Rory. 2017. Expanding the History of the Just War: The Ethics of War in Ancient Egypt. International Studies Quarterly 61 (2): 371–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crouch, David. 2002. William Marshal. London: Longmans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, R.W. 2003. Normative Theories of Government and Society in Five Medieval Thinkers. Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elshtain, Jean Bethke. 2001. Just War and Humanitarian Intervention. Ideas 8 (2): 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlay, Christopher. 2019. Is Just War Possible? Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frowe, Helen. 2011. The Ethics of War and Peace: An Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentry, Caron E., and Amy E. Eckert, eds. 2014. The Future of Just War: New Critical Essays. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, Thomas. 2016. Dismembering the Dead: Violence, Vulnerability, and the Body in War. European Journal of International Relations 22 (4): 944–965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heuser, Beatrice. 2010. The Evolution of Strategy: Thinking War from Antiquity to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haggenmacher, Peter. 1992. Just War and Regular War in 16th Century Spanish Doctrine. International Review of the Red Cross 32 (290): 434–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, Bernice. 1963. Political Thought in 16th Century Spain: A Study of the Political Ideas of Vitoria, de Soto, Suarez, and Molina. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haraway, Donna. 1988. Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies 14 (3): 575–599.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, Sandra. 1992. Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What Is ‘Strong Objectivity’? The Centennial Review 36 (3): 437–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartsock, Nancy. 2004. The Feminist Standpoint. In The Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader, ed. Sandra Harding, 35–54. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartnett, Liane, and Cian O’Driscoll. 2020. Sad and Laughable and Strange: At War with Just War. Global Society (FirstView online): 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurka, Thomas. 2007. Liability and Just Cause. Ethics & International Affairs 21 (2): 199–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchings, Kimberly. 2018. War and Moral Stupidity. Review of International Studies 44 (1): 83–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inspector-General of the Australian Defence Force. 2020. Report of Inquiry: Questions of Unlawful Conduct Concerning the Special Operations Task Group in Afghanistan. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. https://afghanistaninquiry.defence.gov.au. Accessed 21 December 2020.

  • Jeffery, Renee. 2006. Hugo Grotius in International Thought. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, James Turner. 1984. Can Modern War Be Just? New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1999. Morality and Contemporary Warfare. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalmanovitz, Pablo. 2020. The Laws of War in International Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinsella, Helen. 2011. The Image Before the Weapon: A Critical History of the Distinction Between Combatant and Civilian. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazar, Seth. 2017. Just War Theory: Revisionists versus Traditionalists. Annual Review of Political Science 20 (1): 37–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazar, Seth, and Helen Frowe, eds. 2018. The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Peter. 2018. Reaper Force: Inside Britain’s Drone Wars. London: John Blake.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMahan, Jeff. 2006. On the Moral Equality of Combatants. Ethics & International Affairs 14 (4): 377–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008. The Morality of War and the Law of War. In Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, ed. David Rodin and Henry Shue, 19–43. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. Killing in War. Oxford: Clarendon.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2017. Just War. In A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, eds. Robert E. Goodin, Philip Pettit, and Thomas Pogge. Cambridge: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagel, Thomas. 2012. Mortal Questions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff, Stephen C. 2014. Justice Among Nations: A History of International Law. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Donovan, Oliver. 2003. The Just War Revisited. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Driscoll, Cian. 2008. The Renegotiation of the Just War Tradition and the Right to War in the 21st Century. New York: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013. Divisions within the Ranks? The Just War Tradition and the Use and Abuse of History. Ethics & International Affairs 27 (1): 47–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Driscoll, Cian, Chris Brown, Kimberley Hutchings, Christopher J. Finlay, Jessica Whyte, and Thomas Gregory. 2020. How and Why to Do Just War Theory. Contemporary Political Theory (FirstView online): 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orend, Brian. 2001. Walzer’s General Theory of Justice. Social Theory and Practice 27 (2): 207–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parashar, Swati. 2013. What Wars and ‘War Bodies’ Know about International Relations. Cambridge Review of International Affairs 26 (4): 615–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, Eric D., and Marc LiVecche, eds. 2020. Responsibility and Restraint: James Turner Johnson and the Just War Tradition. Middletown, RI: Stonetower Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichberg, Gregory. 2008. Just War and Regular War: Competing Paradigms. In Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, ed. David Rodin and Henry Shue, 193–213. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rengger, Nicholas. 2013. The Just War and International Order: The Uncivil Condition in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roff, Heather M. 2018. Jeff McMahan. In Just War Thinkers: From Cicero to the 21st Century, ed. Daniel R. Brunstetter and Cian O’Driscoll, 238–249. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, Frederick H. 1975. The Just War in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulzke, Marcus. 2019. Pursuing Moral Warfare. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, Daniel. 2019. The Political Morality of the Late Scholastics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaler, Mathias. 2018. Naming Violence. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tooke, Joan D. 1965. The Just War in Aquinas and Grotius. London: SPPCK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walzer, Michael. 1987. Interpretation and Social Criticism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004. Arguing About War. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2015. Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations, 5th ed. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warnock, Mary. 1970. Existentialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, Lauren. 2015. Bodies of Violence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Bernard. 2006. Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whyte, Jessica. 2018. The ‘Dangerous Concept of the Just War’: Decolonization, Wars of National Liberation, and the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Convention. Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development 9 (3): 313–341.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cian O’Driscoll .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

O’Driscoll, C. (2023). Just War Theory: Past, Present, and Future. In: Williams, H., Boucher, D., Sutch, P., Reidy, D., Koutsoukis, A. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of International Political Theory. International Political Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36111-1_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics