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Crimmigration and Gender-Based Violence Against Women Asylum Seekers in Israel

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Gender-Based Violence in Migration

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Abstract

The chapter explores gender-based violence (GBV) and police responses to it in Israel, adopting a theoretical framework based on Intersectionality, Crimmigration and Legal Violence literature. Drawing on primary and secondary materials as well as on 38 in-depth interviews with public servants, civil society service providers, activists, and asylum seekers, we uncover and analyse the ways the Israeli police—a key player in forming the interactions between individuals, and between them and the state—deal with GBV against asylum seekers. The chapter aims at assisting in the design of appropriate regulatory practices that would improve the accessibility of police services to GBV victims.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The research has been approved by Bar-Ilan university IRB (November 26, 2019).  We would like to thank Michal Meir for superb research assistance.

  2. 2.

    In research conducted in the U.S cases have been described where police officers tended to accept the version of the violent male, when he was a citizen, and sometimes even his claim that his partner attacked him, see: Davis (2004, 557, 572–568); Ganatra (2001). Furthermore, the rights of women to motherhood have been partially or fully impaired upon encountering the welfare authorities, see: Hartry (2012).

  3. 3.

    Right-wing parties have ruled Israel for many years, a fact that has influenced policy towards asylum seekers and made the term ‘infiltrators’ the most common term in this debate in the Knesset and the government. The term ‘asylum seekers’ is mainly used by NGO’S. The term ‘statusless’ or ‘strangers’ is sometimes used in official websites.

  4. 4.

    The restrictions caused by Covid-19 led to an automatic extension of the visas for part of the period.

  5. 5.

    A letter from Mali Dudian, the Population and Immigration Authority, to Omri Rtnovski, 21.6.2021.

  6. 6.

    In illegal kindergartens opened in south Tel-Aviv by and for the community, there are at least five documented cases of babies that died in them.

  7. 7.

    According to Facebook police posts, the unit began operating in April, but was officially set up in August.

  8. 8.

    The ‘hamara’ are community meeting places where alcohol is sold. According to a study by organisations in 2017, about 50 hamaras operate in Tel-Aviv, and a few are scattered elsewhere in Israel (Goor et al.).

  9. 9.

    This phrase is most often used regarding drug offences, weapons, organized crime. It is not used regarding GBV.

  10. 10.

    A protocol of the meeting, dated May 4, 2017, is in the hands of the authors.

  11. 11.

    For a perception, pointing at the way migration policy actors construct essentialized characteristics as motives to GBV among asylum seekers, see: Standke-Erdmann Madita, Pieper Milena, Rosenberger Sieglinde ‘Countering “their” violence: Framing gendered violence against women migrants in Austria’ in Gender-Based Violence in Migration. Interdisciplinary, Feminist and Intersectional Approaches (Freedman et al. 2022, forthcoming).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Law, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel

    Nomi Levenkron, Hadar Dancig-Rosenberg & Ruth Halperin-Kaddari

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  1. Nomi Levenkron
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  2. Hadar Dancig-Rosenberg
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Correspondence to Nomi Levenkron .

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  1. Université Paris 8 and Paris Centre for Sociological and Political Research (CRESPPA), Paris, France

    Jane Freedman

  2. Paris Centre for Sociological and Political Research, CNRS, Paris, France

    Nina Sahraoui

  3. Department of Sociology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada

    Evangelia Tastsoglou

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Levenkron, N., Dancig-Rosenberg, H., Halperin-Kaddari, R. (2022). Crimmigration and Gender-Based Violence Against Women Asylum Seekers in Israel. In: Freedman, J., Sahraoui, N., Tastsoglou, E. (eds) Gender-Based Violence in Migration. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07929-0_6

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