Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the changes in the Polish urban and rural system over the past 30 years of political and economic changes. The main drivers of these changes are as follows: the development of the market economy (especially in the housing sector), the processes of economic globalisation, the reintroduction of local government, international and internal migrations, as well as EU and national policies targeting urban and rural areas. The study of urban and rural system was conducted with regard to four subgroups: large cities (metropolises), their functional areas, medium and small towns, and rural areas. These subsystems are subject to various functional and spatial processes, the most important of which are metropolisation and suburbanisation in relation to large cities, deindustrialisation and changes in administrative functions in medium-sized cities, and finally depopulation, deagrarianisation and multifunctional development in small towns and rural areas.
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Notes
- 1.
• integrated rural areas are located near major urban centres, Agriculture plays a minor role in these areas, most of the income of the people living there comes from non-agricultural sources, the unemployment rate in these areas is relatively low, these areas have strong functional links to cities and their population is growing;
• intermediate rural areas are characterised by a high importance of agriculture, incl. large-sized farming; they are less dense than areas in the preceding category, small towns, which act as administrative, service and supply bases for agricultural activities, are an integral part of these areas;
• remote rural areas are marked by a very low and decreasing population density, the percentage of elderly people in these areas is high, small farms of limited economic power prevail, there is generally a high unemployment rate and a significant degree of poverty and social exclusion; technical, economic and social infrastructure is underdeveloped (Rural … 1997).
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Kaczmarek, T., Kołodziejczak, A., Mikuła, Ł. (2022). Transformation of the Urban and Rural System. In: Churski, P., Kaczmarek, T. (eds) Three Decades of Polish Socio-Economic Transformations. Economic Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06108-0_12
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