Abstract
The objective of this chapter is to review the evolution and challenges of economic and trade cooperation between China and Latin America. First, the main periods of cooperation between the two regions are reviewed. Second, the main economic sectors where China participates in the region are analyzed. Third, the main economies of the region that establish trade with China are presented. Finally, the main challenges for the deepening of relations between both regions are discussed.
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Notes
- 1.
“1 + 3 + 6”: “1” plan (CELAC’s Cooperation Plan for 2015–2019), three driving forces (trade, investment, and financial cooperation), and six key fields of cooperation (energy, resources, infrastructure projects, manufacturing, scientific innovation, and technical innovation).
- 2.
“Full Text from Xi Jinping’s Keynote Speech on the China-LAC leaders’ meeting,” Xin Hua News, 2014.7.18, http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2014-07/18/c_1111688827.htm
- 3.
The 19 Latin American countries: Bolivia, Panama, Peru, Barbados, Ecuador, Dominica, Grenada, Cuba, El Salvador, Chile, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Dominica, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda, Jamaica.
- 4.
Source: China Statistical Yearbook.
- 5.
Resource endowment variety encourages complementary trade in resources.
- 6.
TCi=\( x=\frac{Xi- Mi}{Xi+ Mi} \) (TCi represents the competitiveness of product i; Xi represents the amount of export of product i; Mi represents the amount of import of product i. If TC > 0, then this country is the product i net exporter, therefore, product i of this countries is of strong international competitiveness. Otherwise, the other way around.).
- 7.
Intra-industrial division of labor variety encourages intra-industrial trade.
- 8.
GLij = \( 1-\frac{\mid Xij- Mij\mid }{Xij+ Mij} \) (Xij represents the amount of export of country I industry j; Mij import. The value of GLij ranges between 0 and 1. If GLij approaches 1, the index indicates a high degree of intra-industrial trade; otherwise, the other way around. Generally, if GLij > 0.8, designate the product as most traded goods in the industry.).
- 9.
The average GL of 8 chosen sections of China-Argentina trade scored 0.13, while China-Brazil scored 0.26.
- 10.
The average GL of 8 chosen sections of China-Argentina trade scored 0.13, China-Brazil scored 0.26, China-Chile scored 0.10.
- 11.
Source: 2019 Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment.
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Yunxia, Y., Chen, Y. (2022). Development and Assessment of Sino-Latin America and the Caribbean Economic and Trade Cooperation. In: López, D., Song, G., Bórquez, A., Muñoz, F. (eds) China’s Trade Policy in Latin America. Contributions to International Relations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98664-3_4
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