Skip to main content

Professional Security in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Handbook of Security
  • 1351 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter examines the evolving nature and scope of professional security and the opportunities and challenges facing the security profession today and in the years to come. Drawing on their experiences in leadership roles in ASIS International and the UK’s Security Institute, the authors discuss the key features of contemporary professions and the challenges they face in the coming years and decades. These include those presented by the fourth industrial revolution, as the World Economic Forum describes the era we are now entering. Among the notable trends impacting the security profession that they identify are the exponential growth of cyber security threats, the rise of convergence thinking, career pathways and skills development to meet current and future needs, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Wakefield and Gips argue that, for security practitioners, the pace of change is such that the ability to continually adapt and develop their practice is vital, while their representative bodies need to be able to support them in developing the widening knowledge and skill sets necessary for the future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • (ISC)2(2020) (ISC)2Cybersecurity Workforce Study 2020. (ISC)2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbott, A. (1988) The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abel, R. L. (1979). The rise of professionalism. British Journal of Law and Society, 6, 82–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackroyd, S. (2016) Sociological and organisational theories of professions and professionalism, in M. Dent et al. (eds.) The Routledge Companion to the Professions and Professionalism. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aleem, A., Wakefield, A. and Button, M. (2013) ‘Addressing the weakest link: implementing converged security’, Security Journal, 26(3): 236–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • ASIS International (2021) Join Us. Available at https://www.asisonline.org/membership/join/. Accessed 1 March 2021.

  • Australian Government Attorney-General’s Department (2018). Protective Security Policy Framework. Securing Government Business: Protective Security Guidance for Executives. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, R. (2018) ‘If this is Globalization 4.0, what were the other three?’, World Economic Forum, 22 December. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/if-this-is-globalization-4-0-what-were-the-other-three/. Accessed 1 March 2021.

  • Beck, D., Gips, M. and McFarland Pierce, B. (2019) The State of Security Convergence in the United States, Europe and India. Washington, DC: ASIS Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, E. (2019) Theorising Professions: A Sociological Introduction. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabinet Office (2018) HMG Security Policy Framework. London: Cabinet Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Center for Cyber and Homeland Security at Auburn University and the International Security Management Association (2019) Cyber and Physical Security: Perspectives from the C-Suite. Auburn, AL: CCHS and ISMA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (2019) Managing Global Catastrophic Risks: Part 1: Understand. Cambridge: CSER.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coaffee, J. and Chandler, D. (2017) ‘Conclusion: the future of resilience’, in D. Chandler and J. Coaffee (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of International Resilience. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conference Board of Canada (2018) Combining Strengths: The Convergence of Cyber and Physical Security. Ottowa: The Conference Board of Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cyber Security Council (2021) https://www.ukcybersecuritycouncil.org.uk/careers-learning/careers-route-map/. Accessed 1 March 2021.

  • Cybercrime Magazine (2021) Cybersecurity industry associations. https://cybersecurityventures.com/cybersecurity-associations/. Accessed 1 March 2021.

  • Dalton, D. (2003) Rethinking Corporate Security in the Post-9/11 Era: Issues and Strategies for Today’s Global Business Community. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durkheim (2018) Professional Ethics and Civic Morals. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzioni, A. (1969) The Semi-Professionals and their Organization: Teachers, Nurses and Social Workers. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evetts, J. (2013) ‘Professionalism: value and ideology’, Current Sociology Review, 61(5–6) 778–796.

    Google Scholar 

  • Executive Office of the President of the United States (2010) The Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/issues/foreign-policy/cybersecurity/national-initiative. Accessed 1 March 2021.

  • Gill, M. and Howell, C. (2016) Tackling Cyber Crime: The Role of Private Security. Tunbridge Wells: Perpetuity Research and Consultancy International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gips, M. (2020) Beyond a Cataclysmic 2020: Security’s New Opportunities to Address Workforce and Workplace Risk. Thomson Reuters.

    Google Scholar 

  • HM Government (2016) National Cyber Security Strategy 2016–2021. London: HM Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • HM Government (2018) Initial National Cyber Security Skills Strategy. London: HM Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, D. (1986) Social Workers and their Practice in Welfare Bureaucracies. Aldershot: Gower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, E. C. (1958) Men and Their Work. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inoue, T. (2018) Public Relations in Hyper-Globalization: Essential Relationship Management—A Japan Perspective. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISACA (2021) Why ISACA? https://www.isaca.org/why-isaca/what-we-offer. Accessed 1 March 2021.

  • Larson, M.S. (1977). The Rise of Professionalism: A Sociological Analysis. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lippert, R.K. and Walby, K. (2014) ‘Critiques of corporate security: cost, camouflage, and creep’, in M. Gill (ed.) The Handbook of Security (2nd ed). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lippert, R.K. and Walby, K. (2020) A Criminology of Policing and Security Frontiers. Bristol: Bristol University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, M. and Dowling, S. (2013) Cyber Crime: A Review of the Evidence. London: Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • McHenry, D. et al. (2021) Cyber Security Skills in the UK Labour Market 2021: Findings Report. London: Department for Digital, Media, Culture and Sport and Ipsos MORI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. (2019) The Rules of Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Microsoft and Accenture (2018) Future of Physical Security. https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-100/Accenture-Future-of-Physical-Security-Whitepaper.pdf. Accessed 1 March 2021.

  • Mieg, H.A. and Evetts, J. (2018) ‘Professionalism, science, and expert roles: a social perspective’, in K.A. Ericsson (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Defence (2018) Global Strategic Trends: The Future Starts Today. London: Ministry of Defence.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (2020) Cyber Career Pathways Tool. https://niccs.cisa.gov/workforce-development/cyber-career-pathways. Accessed 1 March 2021.

  • National Intelligence Council (2021) Global Trends 2040: A More Contested World. Washington, DC: National Intelligence Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • New Zealand Government (2018) Overview of Protective Security Requirements: Protecting Our People, Information, and Assets. Wellington: New Zealand Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, B. (2019) Making Micro-Credentials Work for Learners, Employers and Providers. Melbourne: Deakin University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. (1951). The social system. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pegram, T. and Kreienkamp, J. (2019) Governing Complexity: Design Principles for Improving the Governance of Global Catastrophic Risks. London: University College London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, R. et al. (2020) Workforce Framework for Cybersecurity (NICE Framework). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrik, D. (2011) The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojko, A. (2017) ‘Industry 4.0 concept: background and overview’, International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 11(5): 77–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwab, K. (2017) The Fourth Industrial Revolution. London: Portfolio Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwab, K. (2018) Shaping the Future of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Guide to Building a Better World. London: Portfolio Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Security Institute (2022) About. Available at https://security-institute.org. Accessed 1 March 2021.

  • Simonsen, C. (1996) ‘The case for: security management is a profession’, International Journal of Risk, Security and Crime Prevention, 1(3): 229–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, A. and Kessler, M. (2013) The Hyperglobalization of Trade and Its Future. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Susskind, R. (2008) The End of Lawyers? Rethinking the Nature of Legal Services. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Susskind, R. and Susskind, D. (2017) The Future of the Professions: How Technology Will Transform the Work of Experts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakefield, A. (2014) ‘Corporate security and enterprise risk management’, in K. Walby and R.K. Lippert (eds.) Corporate Security in the 21st Century: Theory and Practice in International Perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakefield, A. (2021) Security and Crime: Converging Perspectives on a Complex World. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walby, K. and Lippert, R.K. (2015) Municipal Corporate Security in International Context. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Economic Forum (2016) The Global Risks Report 2016. Geneva: World Economic Forum.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Economic Forum (2020) Future of Jobs Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alison Wakefield .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wakefield, A., Gips, M. (2022). Professional Security in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In: Gill, M. (eds) The Handbook of Security. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91735-7_34

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91735-7_34

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-91734-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-91735-7

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics