Skip to main content

Child Behavioral Health in Ghana: Current Efforts in Policy Research and Practice

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Child Behavioral Health in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the state of child behavioral healthcare systems, policy, and research efforts across African countries, specifically Ghana. The investments in child behavioral health have been too minimal and there is scarce evidence of impact. The following recommendations are made: (1) There is a need for appropriate measurement and screening tools/scales that will take into account context-specific issues. This will require that some qualitative studies that explore context-specific social expectations and standards for behaviour in childhood are undertaken. (2) There is a need to incorporate behavioral health services in all regional and district hospitals by establishing behavioral health units. This will ensure that there is an equitable distribution of accessible behavioral healthcare services across all the regions. (3) There is a need for extensive and continuous research into behavioral health problems, promotion, and prevention. This will require collaboration between academics, various health institutions, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Findings can be used as proven basis to inform policy and practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdul-Karim, M. A. (2016). Mental health care; Ghana among worst in Africa, in press, Daily Graphic. Retrieved from http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/health/mental-health-care-ghana-among-worst-in-africa.html

  • ACPF. (2012). Child law resources, Volume 2: Reporting status of African States. Retrieved http://www.africanchildinfo.net/clr/vol2

  • Action Research on Female Genital Mutilation in the Bawku Municipality, Upper East Region: By BEWDA in collaboration with Actionaid. January, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Addy, M. E. (2003). Putting science into the art of healing with herbs. Ghana Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agyapong, V. I. O., Farren, C., & McAuliffe, E. (2016). Improving Ghana’s mental healthcare through task-shifting-psychiatrists and health policy directors’ perceptions about government’s commitment and the role of community mental health workers. Globalization and Health, 12, 57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahuja, K. K., Dhillon, M., Juneja, A., & Sharma, B. (2017). Breaking barriers: An education and contact intervention to reduce mental illness stigma among Indian college students. Psychosocial intervention. Agostology, 26, 103–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akol, A., Molan, K. M., Babirye, J. N., & Engebrestsen, I. M. S. (2018). “We are like co-wives”: Traditional healers’ views on collaborating with the formal child and adolescent mental health system in Uganda. BMC Health Services Research, 18, 258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akpalu B, Lund C, Doku V, (2010). et al. Scaling up community-based services and improving quality of care in the state psychiatric hospitals: The way forward for Ghana. The African Journal of Psychiatry 13:109–115. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v13i2.54356.

  • Antonowicz, L. (2010). Too often in silence: A report on school-based violence in west and Central Africa. UNICEF, plan, save the children and action aid. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/cotedivoire/too_often_in_silence_report.pdf.

  • Asare, M., & Danquah, S. A. (2016). Observation report from clinical practice in Ghana: Children and adolescent depression. Journal of Child Adolescent Behavior, 4, 286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atakora, M., & Asampong, E. (2020). A study of the diagnostic practices for mental disorders in Ghana. Journal of Clinical Review & Case Reports, 5(4), 189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Awinongya, M. A. (2013). The understanding of family in Ghana as a challenge for a contextual ecclesiology. In LIT. Deutsche Nationalbibliothek.

    Google Scholar 

  • Badoe, E. (2017). A critical review of child abuse and its management in Africa. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 7, 32–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernier, S., Simpson, C. G., & Rose, C. A. (2012). Positive and negative reinforcement in increasing compliance and decreasing problematic behavior. National Teacher Education Journal, 2012, 45–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boakye-Boaten, A. (2010). Changes in the concept of childhood: Implications for children in Ghana. Journal of International Social Research, 3(10), 104–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., & Thibodeau, E. L. (2012). The effects of child maltreatment on early signs of antisocial behavior: Genetic moderation by tryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin transporter, and monoamine oxidase a genes. Development and Psychopathology, 24(3), 907–928.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cortina, M. A., Sodha, A., Fazel, M., & Ranchandani, P. G. (2012). Prevalence of child mental health problems in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 166(3), 276–281. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.592

  • Crabb, J., Stewart, C. R., Kokota, D., Masson, N., Chabunya, S., & Krishnadas, R. (2012). Attitudes towards mental illness in Malawi: A cross-sectional survey. Biomedicalcentral Public Health, 12, 541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dako-Gyeke, M., & Asumang, E. S. (2013). Stigmatization and discrimination experiences of persons with mental illness: Insights from a qualitative study in Southern Ghana. Social Work & Society, 11(1), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Domfe, G., Oduro, A. D. (2018). Prevalence and trends in child marriage in Ghana. Centre for Social Policy Studies (CSPS) Technical Publications Series No. 1/18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dzramedo, J. E., Amoako, B. M., & Amos, P. M. (2018). The state of the extended family system in Ghana: Perceptions of some families. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 8, 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, J., & Ohene, S. (2016). Providing sustainable mental health Care in Ghana: A demonstration project. National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrara, P., Guadagno, C., Sbordone, A., Amato, M., Spina, G., Perrone, G., Cutrona, C., Basile, M. C., Ianniello, F., Fabrizio, G. C., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., Verrotti, A., Villani, A., & Corsello, G. (2016). Child abuse and neglect and its psycho-physical and social consequences: A review of the literature. Current Pediatric Reviews, 12(4), 301–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, E., & Billick, S. B. (2015). Unintentional child neglect: Literature review and observational study. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 86(2), 253–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghana Statistical Service. (2014). Ghana - Ghana Living Standards Survey 6 (With a Labour Force Module) 2012–2013, Round Six. GHA-GSS-GLSS6–2012-v1.0.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jack-Ide, I. O., Uys, L. R., & Middleton, L. E. (2013). Mental health care policy environment in Rivers state: Experiences of mental health nurses providing mental health care services in neuro-psychiatric hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 7, 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, S. L., & Roby, J. L. (2019). Comparing reunified and residential care facility children’s wellbeing in Ghana. ‘The role of hope’. Children and Youth Services Review, 96, 316–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, H., Pells, K. (2016). Undermining learning: Multi-country longitudinal evidence on corporal punishment in schools. Innocenti Resarch Brief. UNICEF. Retrieved from http://disde.minedu.gob.pe/handle/123456789/4063.

  • Jonson-Reid, M., Kohl, P. L., & Drake, B. (2012). Child and adult outcomes of chronic child maltreatment. Pediatrics, 129(5), 839–845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juma, K., Wekesah, F. M., Kabiru, C. W., & Izugbara, C. O. (2020). Burden, drivers, and impacts of poor mental health in young people of west and Central Africa: Implications for research and programming. In M. McLean (Ed.), West African youth challenges and opportunity pathways. Gender and cultural studies in Africa and the diaspora. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapungwe, A., Cooper, S., Mwanza, J., Mwape, L., Sikwese, A., Kakuma, R., Lund, C., & Flisher, A. J. (2010). Mental illness stigma and discrimination in Zambia. African Journal of Psychiatry, 13, 192–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidman, R. (2016). Child marriage and intimate partner violence: A comparative study of 34 countries. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(2), 662–675.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieling, C., Baker-Henningham, H., Belfer, M., Conti, G., Ertem, I., Omigbodun, O., Rohde, L. A., Srinath, S., Ulkuer, N., & Rahman, A. (2011). Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action. Lancet 378, 1515–1525. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60827-1

  • Kpobi, L., & Swartz, L. (2019). Indigenous and faith healing in Ghana: A brief examination of the Formalising process and collaborative efforts with the biomedical health system. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 11(1), 2035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mascayano, F., Armijo, J. E., & Yang, L. H. (2015). Addressing stigma relating to mental illness in low- and middle-income countries. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6, 1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, A., Eilertsen, D. E., Sundet, J. M., Tshifularo, J. G., & Sagvolden, T. (2004). Cross-cultural similarities in ADHD-like behaviour amongst south African primary school children. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 123–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection. (2015). Child and family welfare policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer, J., North, A., Katz, M., Stead, J. (2012). You have someone to trust: Outstanding safeguarding practice in primary schools. Office of the Children’s Commissioner. [Online]. Retrieved from http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/15496/1/You_Have_Someone_to_Trust_FINAL_Sept_2012%5B1%5D.pdf

  • Nieuwsma, J. A., Pepper, C. M., Maack, D. J., & Birgenheir, D. G. (2011). Indigenous perspectives on depression in rural regions of India and the United States. Transcultural Psychiatry, 48(5), 539–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noll, J. G., Reader, J. M., & Bensman, H. (2017). Environments recreated: The unique struggles of children born to abused mothers. In D. Teti (Ed.), Parenting and family processes in child maltreatment and intervention. Child Maltreatment Solutions Network. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • NPC Policy Brief No. III. (2014). Population ageing in Ghana and its implications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odhayani, A. A., Watson, W. J., & Watson, L. (2013). Behavioural consequences of child abuse. Canadian Family Physician, 59(8), 831–836.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odonkor, M. (2007). Addressing child labour through education: A study of alternative/complementary initiatives in quality education delivery and their suitability for cocoa-farming communities. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.732.5631&rep=rep1&type=pdf

  • Ofori-Atta, A., Attafuah, J., Jack, H., et al. (2018). Joining psychiatric care and faith healing in a prayer camp in Ghana: Randomised trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 212(1), 34–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ofori-Atta, A., Read, U., & Lund, C. (2010). A situation analysis of mental health services and legislation in Ghana: Challenges for transformation. African Journal of Psychiatry, 13, 99–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogundele, M. O. (2018). Behavioral and emotional disorders in childhood: A brief overview for paediatricians. World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 7(1), 9–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opoku Agyeman, S., & Ninnoni, J. P. (2018). The effects of stigma on mental health nurses: A study at ankaful psychiatric hospital. An International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 2, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, A. C., Joseph, J., & Feit, M. (2014). Committee on child maltreatment research, policy, and practice for the next decade: Phase II; Board on Children, Youth, and Families; Committee on Law and Justice; Institute of Medicine; National Research Council. National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathod, S., Pinninti, N., Irfan, M., Gorczynski, P., Rathod, P., Gega, L., & Naeem, F. (2017). Mental health service provision in low- and middle-income countries. Health Services Insights, 10, 1178632917694350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Read, U. M., & Doku, V. C. K. (2012). Mental health research in Ghana: A literature review. Ghana Medical Journal, 46, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, M., Mogan, C., & Asare, J. B. (2014). An overview of Ghana’s mental health system: results from an assessment using the World Health Organization’s Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS). International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 8, 16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schilze, B. (2012). Stigma and mental health professionals: A review of the evidence on an intricate relationship. International Review of Psychiatry, 19(2), 137–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shand, W. (2019). New Climate Economy (NCE), 2020. The finance landscape in Ghana: Mobilising investment in sustainable urban infrastructure. Paper for the Coalition for Urban Transitions. London and Washington. Retrieved from http://newclimateeconomy.net/content/cities-working-papers

  • Strauss, M. A., Douglas, E. M., & Medeiros, R. A. (2014). The primordial violence: Spanking children, psychological development, violence, and crime. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tawiah, P. E., Adongo, P. B., & Aikins, M. (2015). Mental health-related stigma and discrimination in Ghana: Experience of patients and their caregivers. Ghana Medical Journal, 49(1), 30–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twum-Danso, A. (2010). Children’s perceptions of physical punishment in Ghana. Nuffield Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.icyrnet.net/UserFiles/File/Children_Perceptions_of_%20Physical_%20Punishment_Ghana.pdf

  • UNICEF. (2010). Child disciplinary practices at home: Evidence from a range of low- and middle-income countries. United Nations Children’s Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNICEF and Global Affairs Canada. (2015). Building a national child protection system in Ghana: From evidence to policy and practice.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (1997). Committee on rights of child concludes fifteenth session. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/press/en/1997/19970606.hr4330.html

  • UNODC. (2019). Child trafficking in Ghana.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Sanden, R. L., Pryor, J. B., Stutterheim, S. E., Kok, G., & Bos, A. E. (2016). Stigma by association and family burden among family members of people with mental illness: The mediating role of coping. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(9), 1233–1245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh Office. (1995). Protecting children from abuse: The role of the education service. Welsh Office Circular 52/95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodard, T. J., Ume, U., & Davis, R. (2019). An introduction to oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. US Pharmacology, 44(11), 29–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organisation. (2003). Investing in mental health. Retrieved from www.who.int/mental_health/media/en/investing_mnh.pdf

  • World Health Organization. (2007). Ghana a very progressive mental health law. In Mental improvements for nations development. WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2014). Mental health Ghana situational analysis. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/policy/country/ghana/en/

  • World Health Organization. (2017). Sexual and reproductive health: Health risks of female genital mutilation (FGM). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/health_consequences_fgm/en/

  • World Health Organization and International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. (2006). The nature and consequences of child maltreatment. In Preventing child maltreatment: A guide to taking action and generating evidence. WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaro, P. B., Asampong, E., Tabong, P. T. N., Anaba, S. A., Azuure, S. S., Dokurugu, A. Y., & Nantogmah, F. A. (2020). Stakeholders’ perspectives about the impact of training and sensitization of traditional and spiritual healers on mental health and illness: A qualitative evaluation in Ghana. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 5, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020918284

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emmanuel Asampong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Asampong, E., Ibrahim, A. (2022). Child Behavioral Health in Ghana: Current Efforts in Policy Research and Practice. In: Ssewamala, F.M., Sensoy Bahar, O., McKay, M.M. (eds) Child Behavioral Health in Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83707-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83707-5_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-83706-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-83707-5

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics