Abstract
This article aims to identify and discuss the role and place of cultural heritage in the international bi-regional relations between Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean. Thus, using a theoretical framework of the concepts of heritage diplomacy, cultural diplomacy and international cultural relations, it analyses non-exhaustively projects, programmes, partnerships, working documents, reports, communications and agreements in force, thus fostering international relations through cultural heritage. This panorama of the international relations between the regions involving cultural heritage has some specific objectives. First, to identify the main principles, purposes and narratives regarding cultural heritage as an object/arena of foreign relations. Secondly, to outline the profile(s) of the actions undertaken in the domain, their focuses and objects, how they vary across the governance levels involved and/or have changed over time. Thirdly, to identify the actors involved in such actions/policies. Lastly, to identify the impact of such actions, as for generation of value, tourism, engagement, public image and relations between the people.
Master in International Relations from the Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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Notes
- 1.
The CoE has currently 47 members: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom.
- 2.
The entirety of the Declarations, Recommendations and Key-texts of the CoE concerning culture and heritage can be found here: https://www.coe.int/en/web/culture-and-heritage/texts-of-reference.
- 3.
The EU has currently 27 members: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.
- 4.
- 5.
Examples are Santiago de Compostela Pilgrim route, industrial heritage, Jewish heritage, prehistoric heritage, thermal waters, ceramic, art nouveau routes.
- 6.
- 7.
University of St Andrews, Scotland. International Council of Museums (ICOM); National Museum of Archaeology, Portugal; Austral University of Chile; National Museum of Costa Rica; University of the West Indies, Jamaica; Pontifical Catholic University of Peru; University of Valencia, Spain.
- 8.
1. Science, research, innovation and technology; 2. Sustainable development; environment; climate change; biodiversity; energy; 3. Regional integration and interconnectivity to promote social inclusion and cohesion; 4. Migration; 5. Education and employment to promote social inclusion and cohesion; 6. The world drug problem; 7. Gender; 8. Investments and entrepreneurship for sustainable development. The two key areas not mentioned are 9. Higher education and 10. Citizen security, although it could be argued that by promoting the collaboration of the higher education institutions listed in the previous note, the project is helping to build capacity, deepen relations, show a successful example of joint work in this respect as well. The absence of any direct culture in this joint EU-CELAC action plan is worthy of note, pointing out its condition of a non-priority area.
- 9.
WP1: Coordination and Project Management (led by USTAN); WP2: Technology and Innovation for Bi-Regional Integration (led by MNA/DGPC); WP3: Chile Case Study (led by UACh); WP4: Museum Education for Social Inclusion and Cohesion (led by USTAN); WP5: Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Museums (led by UVEG); WP6: Peru Case Study (led by PUCP); WP7: Exhibiting Migration and Gender (led by UWI); WP8: Communication, Dissemination and Exploitation (led by MNA/DGPC).
- 10.
They are available at: https://eulacmuseums.net/index.php/resources/detail-4.
- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
- 15.
1. Drugs in cities (coordinating city: Santiago, Chile); 2. Conservation of the historic urban contexts (Vicenza, Italy); 3. Democracy in Cities (Ville d'Issy-les-Moulineaux, France); 4. The city as promoter of economic development (Madrid, Spain); 5. Urban social policies (Montevideo, Uruguay); 6. Urban environment (Malaga, Spain); 7. Management and control of urbanisation (Rosario, Argentina);8. Control of urban mobility (Stuttgart, Germany).
- 16.
9. Local financing and participatory budget (Porto Alegre, Brazil); 10. Fight against urban poverty (São Paulo, Brasil);11. Lodging in the city (that was not carried out, since it did not get applications); 12. Promotion of women in the decision-making local instances (Barcelona, Spain); 13. City and information society (Bremen, Germany); 14. Citizen security in the city (Valparaíso, Chile).
- 17.
The last mapping of the participating cities (2012)—which are not permanently in the project, changing with its phases and working axes—has pointed out: Cochabamba (Bolivia), Cuenca (Ecuador), Manizales (Colombia), Mar de Plata (Argentina), Pereira (Colombia), Edinburgh (UK), La Laguna and Malaga (Spain), Oporto (Portugal) and Venice (Italy).
- 18.
We chose not to include the URBELAC I in the analysis because none of its working pillars, nor its deriving identified projects included primarily or secondarily on cultural heritage, being centred at (i) environmental sustainability and climate change, (ii) sustainable urban development, and (iii) fiscal and governance sustainability (EC 2014, p. 5).
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dos Santos Acerbi, V. (2021). Mapping Cultural Heritage in the Bi-regional Relations Between Europe and Latin America: Case Studies. In: Christofoletti, R., Botelho, M.L. (eds) International Relations and Heritage. The Latin American Studies Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77991-7_14
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