Abstract
Climate change has led to an increased frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves, and extreme heat is projected to worsen in severity over the coming decades. Exposure to extreme heat is a critical threat to population health and well-being, particularly in urban areas and among vulnerable groups including the elderly, pregnant women, individuals living in poverty, those who work outdoors, and people who are socially isolated. However, the relationship between heat exposure, health, and mortality remains understudied within demography. This chapter provides an overview of some of the direct and indirect health impacts of extreme heat including its effects on mortality, birth outcomes, nutrition and food security, and infectious disease transmission. The chapter concludes with a discussion of priority areas for future research as well as data needs to facilitate environmental demographers’ investigation into the linkages between heat, mortality, and health. A demographic perspective offers a unique lens into the population-level effects of extreme heat and can inform adaptation measures to mitigate the health effects of heat in a warming world.
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Notes
- 1.
The study used multiple community-specific heat wave definitions based on local average daily mean temperatures in the 400 study communities. Twelve categories were created based on temperatures exceeding the 90th, 92.5th, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles, as well as durations of 2, 3, and 4 days. Heat waves of all definitions were linked to mortality.
- 2.
HDSS sites collect health and demographic data from entire communities in a number of low- and middle-income countries over extended periods of time. Data from some HDSS sites can be accessed through the INDEPTH Network (http://www.indepth-network.org/)
- 3.
The DHS program collects nationally representative data on population health and nutrition from over 90 countries. For more information, see www.dhsprogram.com
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Randell, H. (2022). Heat, Mortality, and Health. In: Hunter, L.M., Gray, C., Véron, J. (eds) International Handbook of Population and Environment. International Handbooks of Population, vol 10. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76433-3_14
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