Abstract
The article presents a system of the musical culture of North India where the category of up-shastriya, or semi-classics, takes a special place. This stratum of music is the most extensive and multi-layered one and is the main type of musical art in India nowadays. Thumri is music of a lyrical nature and romantic mood. The authors see into the leading genre of the up-shastriya, a vocal thumri, and place it in the context of the related genres dadra and tappa and the regional music of Hindustani (chaiti, kajri, savani, hori, jhula, baramasi). In the XXI century, the up-shastriya music continues to develop not only in many style varieties in the vast net of gharana (schools) and in many local genre variants of Hindustani. It forms the main part of the sound “field” of the South Asia.
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Notes
- 1.
Raga “as a Sanskrit word “raag” is masculine, but in Russia there is a tradition to use “raga” it as feminine. Its etymology is related to the root “ranj”, from the verb “to color”, “to give a shade”. Raga is a multi-level concept: 1) in the theory of Indian classical music it is a system of techniques to develop the sound matter, after the impact of which humans enter a certain emotional state (Rasa); 2) a scale with the endogenous hierarchy of tones, and the strict system of their relationships; 3) a model-frame of a musical composition” [22].
- 2.
Taans from Sanskrit taanana (root “taan” – “expanse, extension”): virtuoso phrases of different length demonstrating the vocal skills of the performer.
- 3.
“Tala (from Sanskrit “clap hands”) is 1. a metrorythmical system in the Indian music; 2. a cyclical arrangement of musical time units” [22].
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Kartashova, T., Kartashov, V. (2021). Genre Paradigms of the Vocal Up-Shastriya Music in the Culture of South Asia. In: Khannanov, I.D., Ruditsa, R. (eds) Proceedings of the Worldwide Music Conference 2021. WWMC 2021. Current Research in Systematic Musicology, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74039-9_6
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