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Automated Decentralized IoT Based Blockchain Using Ethereum Smart Contract for Healthcare

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Enhanced Telemedicine and e-Health

Part of the book series: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing ((STUDFUZZ,volume 410))

Abstract

Over the last decade, smart sensors known as Things are used to collect data from resources to provide real-time services that could be crucial by systems. These sensors are connected to the Internet for efficient data dissemination from anywhere and anytime so that it is called Internet of Things (IoT). Data can be processed in Cloud Computing (CC) for analysis and comparison. To reduce the latency of retrieving data from sensitive applications, Fog Computing (FC) plays a vital role. However, these technologies IoT, CC, and FC are a single point of failure which the systems may fail suddenly. On the other hand, traffic from Things has been increasing in the last few years. Due to a lot of patients suffer from a lack of medical services capabilities, IoT aids healthcare systems to improve the quality of life. However, IoT has several limitations and vulnerable to security threats. Blockchain technology enhances IoT challenges in a peer-to-peer network in terms of security and availability. This chapter proposes IoT based blockchain architecture, including five layers: Things, gateway, Fog, Cloud, and application for healthcare to enhance data sharing in a decentralized manner using Ethereum platform. Smart contract is programmed using Solidity to allow Things to communicate between each other automatically without intermediary and to store data in public/private blockchain. Three consensus algorithms, namely: Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), and Proof of Authority (PoA), are compared and evaluated of the proposed architecture in terms of CPU utilization, memory usage, and cost. PoA is most lightweight and suitable for IoT application due to energy-saving and its election process.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Information Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Istabraq M. Al-Joboury & Emad H. Al-Hemiary

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  1. Istabraq M. Al-Joboury
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  2. Emad H. Al-Hemiary
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Istabraq M. Al-Joboury .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Polytechnic of Coimbra, ESTGOH, Rua General Santos Costa, Oliveira do Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal

    Gonçalo Marques

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Majhitar, Sikkim, India

    Akash Kumar Bhoi

  3. University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain

    Isabel de la Torre Díez

  4. Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain

    Begonya Garcia-Zapirain

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Al-Joboury, I.M., Al-Hemiary, E.H. (2021). Automated Decentralized IoT Based Blockchain Using Ethereum Smart Contract for Healthcare. In: Marques, G., Kumar Bhoi, A., de la Torre Díez, I., Garcia-Zapirain, B. (eds) Enhanced Telemedicine and e-Health. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol 410. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70111-6_9

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