Abstract
This chapter empirically explores UKIP’s and the EFF’s performances of representation in a grounded theory analysis. It queries the parties’ attitudes to performances of elite representation. They diagnose their respective representative democracies with a widening gulf between elites and people that results in an undemocratic disconnect. This chapter also interrogates how the parties’ stories about political performance are themselves performed through disruptive action. It finds that their performances respond to the given dominant mode of representation and institutional fragility. But their performances share three core functions of a populist mode of representation: constituting populists’ self-connected and responsive authenticity; projecting an identity lacking in political influence onto “the people”; and imbuing populist representatives with agency to overturn the elite’s immoral and unresponsive mode of representation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The populist parties’ conceptions of political performance are often reductionist and do not correspond to my own, which I developed in Chap. 7.
References
Alexander, J.C., 2004. Cultural Pragmatics: Social Performance between Ritual and Strategy. Sociological Theory 22, 527–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2751.2004.00233.x.
Alexander, J.C., 2011. Performance and Power. Polity Press, Cambridge & Malden.
Ankersmit, F.R., 2002. Political Representation. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Enli, G.S., 2015. Mediated Authenticity: How the Media Constructs Reality. Peter Lang, New York.
Goffman, E., 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Anchor Books, London.
Harari, Y.N., 2018. 21 Lessons for the 21st Century. Random House.
Healey, K., 2010. The Pastor in the Basement: Discourses of Authenticity in the Networked Public Sphere. Symbolic Interaction 33, 526–551. https://doi.org/10.1525/si.2010.33.4.526
Bibliography of Cited Data
EFF_live1: Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, 2015. State of the Nation Address: Joint Sitting, 12 February 2015. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPluIw3uPPo (accessed 01.04.2018).
EFF_press2: Economic Freedom Fighters, 2015. ‘The EFF statement on the hollow recitals of the freedom charter by the ANC’. EFF, 25 January [online]. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20150316195946/http://effighters.org.za/the-eff-statement-on-the-hollow-recitals-of-the-freedom-charter-by-the-anc/ (accessed 1.25.17).
EFF_press3: Economic Freedom Fighters, 2015. ‘The Economic Freedom Fighters reply to SONA by the CIC Julius Malema’. EFF, 17 February [online]. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20160304170806/http://effighters.org.za/the-economic-freedom-fighters-reply-to-sona-by-the-cic-julius-malema (accessed 1.25.17).
EFF_press7: Economic Freedom Fighters, 2017. ‘EFF statement on the protest action against Jacob Zuma in Parliament’. EFF, 14 February [online]. Available at: http://www.effonline.org/single-post/2017/02/14/EFF-STATEMENT-ON-THE-PROTEST-ACTION-AGAINST-JACOB-ZUMA-IN-PARLIAMENT (accessed 6.26.17).
EFF_tweet19: Economic Freedom Fighters, 2015. @EFFSouthAfrica. Twitter, 13 February [online]. Available at: https://twitter.com/EFFSouthAfrica/status/566180022189559808 (accessed 04.05.2018).
EFF_tweet23: Economic Freedom Fighters, 2015. @EFFSouthAfrica. Twitter, 13 January [online]. Available at: https://twitter.com/EFFSouthAfrica/status/554957616578035712 (accessed 04.05.2018).
EFF_tweet24: Economic Freedom Fighters, 2015. @EFFSouthAfrica. Twitter, 13 January [online]. Available at: https://twitter.com/EFFSouthAfrica/status/554957511452033025 (accessed 04.05.2018).
EFF_tweet25: Economic Freedom Fighters, 2015. @EFFSouthAfrica. Twitter, 12 February [online]. Available at: https://twitter.com/EFFSouthAfrica/status/565774725511909376 (accessed 04.05.2018).
EFF_tweet26: Julius S. Malema, 2015. @EFFSouthAfrica. Twitter, 10 February [online]. Available at: https://twitter.com/Julius_S_Malema/status/830070053034921985 (accessed 04.05.2018).
EFF_tweet27: Julius S. Malema, 2017. @EFFSouthAfrica. Twitter, 28 January [online]. Available at: https://twitter.com/Julius_S_Malema/status/560333726056726528 (accessed 04.05.2018).
EFF_tweet28: Julius S. Malema, 2015. @EFFSouthAfrica. Twitter, 14 February [online]. Available at: https://twitter.com/Julius_S_Malema/status/566506731988332545 (accessed 04.05.2018).
EFF_conf3: My Africa, 2017, ‘Malema and EFF Boycott SONA Debate’. YouTube, 14 February [online]. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzEcnHYl2ag (accessed 01.04.2018).
EFF_news1: Dlanga, K., 2015. ‘Chaos in Parliament: ANC should have walked out’. Mail & Guardian, 13 February.
EFF_news2: Ensor, L., Paton, C., 2015. ‘Pandemonium in the House’. Business Day, 13 February.
EFF_news3: Sigauqwe, G., 2017. ‘Jerry Springer-esque Parliament standoffs essential in strengthening democracy’. Mail & Guardian, 13 February.
EFF_news4: Mail & Guardian, 2017. ‘Why we should follow the opposition in walking out on Zuma’s shitshow’. The Daily Vox, 14 February.
EFF_news5: Business Day Editorial, 2015. ‘A speech short on substance’. Business Day, 16 February.
EFF_news6: Hunter, Q., 2015. ‘EFF promises Parly chaos unless Zuma is held accountable’. Mail & Guardian, 13 February.
EFF_news7: Letsoalo, M., 2015. ‘Zuma not losing sleep over EFF’s Sona threats’. Mail & Guardian, 9 February.
EFF_news9: Ensor, L., 2015. ‘Political week ahead: Threat of disorder looms over state of nation speech’. Business Day, 9 February.
UKIP_live1: European Parliament, 2016. ‘Extraordinary plenary’. 28 June [online]. Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/plenary/EN/vod.html?mode=chapter&vodLanguage=EN&startTime=20160628-10:08:26-243#, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/plenary/EN/vod.html?mode=chapter&vodLanguage=EN&startTime=20160628-10:09:37-007#, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/plenary/EN/vod.html?mode=chapter&vodLanguage=EN&startTime=20160628-10:09:54-721#, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/plenary/EN/vod.html?mode=chapter&vodLanguage=EN&startTime=20160628-10:15:48-771 (main session), http://www.europarl.europa.eu/plenary/EN/vod.html?mode=chapter&vodLanguage=EN&startTime=20160628-11:59:34-403#, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/plenary/EN/vod.html?mode=chapter&vodLanguage=EN&startTime=20160628-12:11:00-756, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/plenary/EN/vod.html?mode=chapter&vodLanguage=EN&startTime=20160628-12:11:13-507# (accessed 09/09/2017).
UKIP_live4: European Parliament, 2017. ‘Debates: Sitting of 2017-02-01’. 1 February [online], available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+CRE+20170201+ITEMS+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN#creitem12 (accessed 10.09.2017).
UKIP_press1: UKIP MEPs, 2014. ‘Stitch-ups, backstabbing and voters ignored’. UKIP MEPs, 7 July [online]. Available at: http://www.ukipmeps.org/news_921_Stitch-ups-backstabbing-and-voters-ignored.html (accessed 23 June 2017). Also published in the Huffington Post, 3 July. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/jonathan-arnott/european-parliament_b_5553939.html (accessed 23 June 2017).
UKIP_press4: UKIP MEPs, 2014. ‘UKIP MEPs March for Freedom’. UKIP MEPs, 1 July [online]. Available at: http://www.ukipmeps.org/news_920_UKIP-MEPs-March-for-Freedom.html (accessed 23 June 2017).
UKIP_press6: UKIP, 2014. ‘MEPs slam EU session that was over in time it takes to boil an egg’. UKIP, 3 July [online]. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20140707015944/http://www.ukip.org:80/meps_slam_eu_session_that_was_over_in_time_it_takes_to_boil_an_egg (accessed 23 June 2017).
UKIP_press10: ‘Nigel Farage exposes EU hypocrisy and faux outrage’. UKIP MEPs, 1 February [online]. Available at: http://www.ukipmeps.org/news_1183_Nigel-Farage-exposes-EU-hypocrisy-and-faux-outrage-over-Trump.html (accessed 23 June 2017).
UKIP_tweet5: UKIP, 2014. @UKIP. Twitter, 1 July [online]. Available at: https://twitter.com/UKIP/status/483923040041205761 (accessed 23/06/2017).
UKIP_tweet10: UKIP, 2014. @UKIP. Twitter, 3 July [online]. Available at: https://twitter.com/UKIP/status/484696324148043776 (accessed 23/06/2017).
UKIP_col1: Farage, N., 2014. ‘“UKIP hasn’t gone to Brussels to be placid and inert” vows Nigel Farage’. Express, 4 July [online]. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/486838/Ukip-leader-Nigel-Farage-on-EU-Parliament-Brussels (accessed 23/06/2017).
UKIP_col2: Farage, N., 2014. ‘Here’s why I turned my back on the nonsense that was the opening of the European Parliament’. Independent, 3 July [online]. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/here-s-why-i-turned-my-back-on-the-nonsense-that-was-the-opening-of-the-european-parliament-9581656.html (accessed 23/06/2017).
UKIP_vid1: UKIP MEPs, 2014: ‘Naked EU Militarism on Parade – with short comment from Nigel Farage’. [online] YouTube, 30 June. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDyoAAJlmbw (accessed 23 June 2017).
UKIP_news2: Traynor, I., 2014. ‘First day in the office for EU’s varied power gangs and vandals’. The Guardian, 2 July, Guardian home pages, p. 4.
UKIP_news4: The Daily Telegraph, 2014. ‘EU ‘stitch-up’ as MEPs reinstall president’. 2 July, p. 13.
UKIP_news8: Harding, L., Siddique, H., 2016. ‘“Why are you still here?” asks EU’s Juncker amid barrage of Nigel Farage; MEPs boo Ukip leader in Brussels chamber after he accused them of never having done a “proper job” in their lives’. The Guardian, 28 June.
UKIP_news10: Lyons, K., 2016. ‘Is Nigel Farage right to say MEPs have not done “proper jobs”? The UKIP leader won boos in the Brussels chamber by insulting his parliamentary colleagues. Did he have a point?’ The Guardian, 29 June.
UKIP_news17: Ledwith, M., 2017. ‘EU behaving like the mafia on trade talks says Farage’. The Daily Mail, 6 April.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sorensen, L. (2021). UKIP’s and the EFF’s Disruptive Performances. In: Populist Communication. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65756-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65756-7_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-65755-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-65756-7
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)