Abstract
The principal markers of the long transition to the second mode of oligarchic rule were a huge accumulation of concentrated corporate power and a corresponding increase in federal State intervention. The higher profile of the federal State was confirmed by the New Deal, but the haphazard expansion of a poorly coordinated State administration tended to replicate and reinforce the pattern of oligarchic incursion into the public sphere at the federal level, while federal policy was diluted by oligarchic control of the localities, especially in the South. Democratic Party control of the South prepared the ground for a national oligarchic alliance that was secured by party cooperation and deal-making in the Congress, so extending party-State patrimonialism. This mode of rule began to disintegrate in the 1960s when the late democratization of the United States broke the oligarchic alliance that underpinned it.
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Foweraker, J. (2021). Second Mode—Oligarchic Alliance and Party Politics. In: Oligarchy in the Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63146-8_5
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