Skip to main content

The Origins of Contemporary Peace Research

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Peter Wallensteen: A Pioneer in Making Peace Researchable

Part of the book series: Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice ((PAHSEP,volume 30))

  • 397 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter Peter Wallensteen deals with the formation of the peace research agenda during the past hundred years. The choice of topics is seen as a result of real world experiences. They come in the form of traumas, such as World Wars and nuclear weapons, or hopes, such as the forming of international organizations or the use of non-violent change. These events result in different agendas for different peace research milieus. The chapter also links this to philosophical thinking on peace and war, going back to Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas More.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Wallensteen, Peter 2011. “The Origins of Contemporary Peace Research”, in Höglund, Kristine and Magnus Öberg (eds) 2011. Understanding Peace Research. Methods and Challenges. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 14–32. Reproduced with permission. It is an updated version of Wallensteen, Peter 1988 “The Origins of Peace Research”, in Wallensteen, P. (ed), Peace Research: Achievements and Challenges, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 7–30.

  2. 2.

    See the 1982 special issue of Journal of Peace Research. Vol. 19 No 2.

References

  • Bloch, Ivan de. 1899. The Future of War. New York: Doubleday and McClure.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brounéus, Karen 2008. Rethinking Reconciliation: Concepts, Methods and an Empirical Study of Truth Telling and Psychological Healing in Rwanda. Uppsala University: Department of Peace and Conflict Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brzoska, Michael 2008. “Measuring the Effectiveness of Arms Embargoes”, Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 14 (2). Art 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buzan, Barry and Ole Waever 2003. Regions and Powers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, Paul (2009) Wars, Guns and Votes. Democracy in Dangerous Places. HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortright, David 2009. Gandhi and Beyond: Nonviolence for a New Political Age, Second Edition (Paradgim).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortright, David 2008. Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coser, Lewis. 1956. The Functions of Social Conflict. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derriennic, Jean-Pierre. 1972. “Theory and Ideologies of Violence.” Journal of Peace Research 9:4, pp. 361–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, Karl W., et al. 1957. Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diehl, Paul F. 1983. “Arms Races and Escalation: A Closer Look”. Journal of Peace Research, 20 (3): 205–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eliasson, Jan and Peter Wallensteen, 2005. “Preventive Diplomacy” in The Adventure of Peace. Dag Hammarskjöld and the Future of the UN, ed Sten Ask and Ann Mark-Jungkvist, Stockholm pp. 286–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzioni, Amitai 1967. “The Kennedy Experiment ”. The Western Political Quarterly, 20 (2) (June): 361–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, Paul 2004. “An Anthropology of Structural Violence.” Current Anthropology, 45 (1): 305–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fruchart, Damien, Paul Holtom, Siemon T. Wezeman, Daniel Strandow and Peter Wallensteen, 2007. United Nations Arms Embargoes. Their Impact on Arms Flows and Target Behaviour SIPRI and Uppsala University; SPITS: Department of Peace and Conflict Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, Johan 1959. “Pacifism from a Sociological Point of View.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 3:1, pp. 67–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, Johan 1964. “A Structural Theory of Aggression.” Journal of Peace Research 11:2, pp. 95–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, Johan 1965. “International Programs of Behavioral Science: Research in Human Survival.” In M. Schwebel, ed., Behavioral Science and Human Survival. Palo Alto, Calif.: Science and Behavior Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, Johan 1967. “Peace Research: Science or Politics in Disguise?” International Spectator, vol. 21. Also in Johan Galtung, Essays in Peace Research, vol. 1, Peace: Research, Education, Action, pp. 224–243. Copenhagen: Ejlers, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, Johan 1969. “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research.” Journal of Peace Research 6:3, pp. 167–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, Johan 1971. “A Structural Theory of Imperialism.” Journal of Peace Research, 8:2, pp. 81–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, Johan, and Arne Naess. 1955. Gandhis Politiske Etikk. Oslo: Tanum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gantzel, Klaus Jiirgen, et al. 1986. Die Kriege nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bis 1984. Munich: Weltforum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gochman, Charles, and Zeev Maoz. 1984. “Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1816–1976.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 28:4, pp. 585–616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gronow, Jukka, and Jorma Hilppo. 1970. “Violence, Ethics, and Politics.” Journal of Peace Research 7:4, pp. 311–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurr, Ted R. 1980. Handbook of Political Conflict. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hettne, Björn et al. (eds) 1999. Globalism and the New Regionalism, Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbes, Thomas, 1651. The Leviathan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, Macartan and Jeremy M. Weinstein 2007. “Demobilization and Reintegration”. Journal of Conflict Resolution 51:4, pp. 531–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Höglund, Kristine and Mimmi Söderberg Kovacs 2010. ‘”Beyond the absence of war: the diversity of peace in post-settlement societies.” Review of International Studies, 36, pp. 367–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibn Khaldun, 1958. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Journal of Peace Research. 1964. Editorial, 1:1, pp. 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Journal of Peace Research. 1981. Special Issue on Theories of Peace. Vol. 18, no. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Journal of Peace Research. 1982. Special Issue on Poles on Poland. Vol. 19, no. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kant, Immanuel 1795, 2003, To Perpetual Peace. A Philosophical Sketch, transl. by Ted Humphrey (Indianpolis: Hackett).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kautilya, 1992. The Arthashastra, Edited, Rearranged, Translated and Introduced by LN Rangarajan, Penguin Books, New Delhi, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kende, Istvan. 1971. “Twenty-Five Years of Local Wars.” Journal of Peace Research 8:1, pp. 5–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Machiavelli, Niccolo. 1975. The Prince. Translated by George Bull. Rev. ed. Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan, Margaret 2003. Paris 1919. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus Aurelius Antonius, 2004. Meditations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melander, Erik 2005. Political Gender Equality and State Human Rights Abuse. Journal of Peace Research 2:42, pp. 149–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melman, Seymour 1974. The Permanent War Economy. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgenthau, Hans J. 1973. Politics Among Nations. 5th ed. New York: Alfred Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • More, Thomas [1516], Utopia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nincic, Miroslav and Thomas R. Cusack 1979. “The Political Economy of US Military Spending”. Journal of Peace Research, 16:2, pp. 101–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, Andes 2008. Dangerous Liasions. Why Ex-Combatants Return to Violence. Cases from the Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone. Uppsala University: Department of Peace and Conflict Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, Desirée 2006. In the Shadow of Settlement. Multiple Rebel Groups and Precarious Peace. Uppsala University: Department of Peace and Conflict Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nye, Jospeh. S. 2004. Soft Power. The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Öberg, Magnus, Frida Möller and Peter Wallensteen 2009. “Early Conflict Prevention in Ethnic Crises, 1990–98: A New Dataset”, Conflict Management and Peace Science 26:1, pp. 67–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson, Louise 2007. Equal Peace. United Nations Peace Operations and the Power-Relations between men and women in Timor-Leste. Uppsala University: Department of Peace and Conflict Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, Charles E. 1962. An alternative to war or surrender. Urbana, IL: University of Urbana Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Paris, Roland 2004. At War’s End: Building Peace after Civil Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfetsch, Frank R. and Christoph Rohloff 2000. “KOSIMO: A New Databank on Political Conflicts”. Journal of Peace Research 37:3, pp. 379–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Philpott, Daniel and Gerard F. Powers (ed) 2010. Strategies of Peace. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • PJSA Global Directory of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution programs, website visited, May 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pontara, Giuliano. 1978. “The Concept of Violence.” Journal of Peace Research 15:1, pp. 19–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapoport, Anatol. 1961. Games, Fights, and Debates. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan, Patrick M. and Aysegul Aydin 2006 “Diplomacy and Other Forms of Intervention in Civil Wars”. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50:5, pp. 736–756.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, Lewis F. 1960. Statistics of Deadly Quarrels. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, Oliver 2009. A post-liberal peace: Eirenism and the everyday. Review of International Studies, 35, pp. 557–580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, Adam. 1986. Nations in Arms: The Theory and Practice of Territorial Defence. 2d ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rundquist, Barry S. 1978. On Testing a Military Industrial Complex Theory”. American Politics Research 6, pp. 29–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russett, Bruce M. 1993. Grasping the Democratic Peace. Principles for a Post-Cold War World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russett, Bruce M. and John R. Oneal. 2001. Triangulating Peace: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations. New York: WW: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, Herman. 1968. “Politics and Peace Research.” Journal of Peace Research 5:3, pp. 217–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schelling, Thomas 1969. The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, Gene. 1973. Politics of Nonviolent Action. Boston: Sargent.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, J. David 1969. “The Incompleat Theorist: Insight Without Evidence” in Klaus Knorr and James N. Rosenau (eds). Contending Approaches to International Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 62–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, J. David, ed. 1979. The Correlates of War-. I. Research Origins and Rationale. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small, Melvin, and J. David Singer. 1982. Resort to Arms: International and Civil Wars, 1816–1980. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Jackie 2007. Social Movements for Global Democracy. Johns Hopkins University Press 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorokin, Pitirim A. 1937. Social and Cultural Dynamics, vol. 3. New York: Bedminster Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephan, Maria J. and Erica Chenoweth 2008. ”Why Civil Resistance Works. The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict”, International Security, 33:1, pp. 7–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun-Tzu, 1963. The Art of War. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svensson, Isak 2006. Elusive Peacemakers. A Bargaining Perspective on Mediation in Internal Armed Conflict. Uppsala University: Department of Peace and Conflict Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tillema, Herbert K. 1989. ‘Foreign Overt Military Intervention in the Nuclear Ages’, Journal of Peace Research 26:2, pp. 179–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolstoy, Leo 2006. War and Peace. Red Classics, Penguin books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuckman, Barbara 1962. The Guns of August. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upadhyaya, Priynakar 2009. ‘Peace and Conflict: Reflections on Indian Thinking’, Strategic Analysis, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 2009, 71–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, Michael. 1979. “Arms Races and Escalation: Some New Evidence.” In J. David Singer, (ed), Explaining War, pp. 240–252. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallensteen, Peter 1988. ‘The Origins of Peace Research’, in Wallensteen, P. (ed), Peace Research: Achievements and Challenges, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 7–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallensteen, Peter 2007. “Global Governance and the Future of the UN”, in Hettne, Björn (ed) Development, Security and Culture, PalgraveMacMillan, Vol. II.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallensteen, Peter and Margareta Sollenberg 1998. “Armed Conflict and Regional Conflict Complexes, 1989–97”, Journal of Peace Research 35:5, pp. 621–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehr, Paul. 1979. Conflict Regulation. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehr, Paul. 1985. ‘Conflict and Restraint: Poland 1980–1982’ In Peter Wallensteen et al., eds., Global Militarization, pp. 191–218. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, Jeremy M. 2005. “Resources and the Information Problem in Rebel Recruitment”, Journal of Conflict Resolution 49:4, pp. 598–624.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiberg, Håkan. 1988. ‘The Peace Research Movement.’ In Wallensteen, Peter (ed). Peace Research. Achievements and Challenges, Boulder, Co: Westview Press, pp. 30–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Quincy. 1942. A Study of War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zartman, I. William. 2000. ”Mediating conflicts of need, greed and creed”, Orbis, 44:2, pp. 255–66.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wallensteen, P. (2021). The Origins of Contemporary Peace Research. In: Peter Wallensteen: A Pioneer in Making Peace Researchable. Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice, vol 30. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62848-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62848-2_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-62847-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-62848-2

  • eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics