Abstract
Electoral debates in television are one of the most powerful instruments that broadcasters, namely those of a public nature, have to comply with one of their more relevant objectives: to contribute to the shaping of an informed and educated public opinion, strengthening citizen participation in public issues, legitimizing those institutions with which, this way, they identify, and, ultimately, improving their trust on their political system and reinforcing democracy. On this ground, after conducting a thorough study of the electoral debates that have been organized in Spain thus far, this chapter proposes a set of indicators of value for television debates that allows for the standardization of the evaluation of this format.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bassat, L. (2012). El debate a dos, el mejor formato para el ciudadano. En M. Gallego Reguera (Coord.), Debate del Debate 2011. España (pp. 25–29). Madrid: Dykinson.
Callejo, J., & Ramos, R. (2017). La cultura de la confianza en tiempos de crisis. Análisis de los discursos. RES: Revista Española de Sociología, 26(2), 185–200. https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2017.12.
Campo Vidal, M. (2017). La Cara Oculta de los Debates Electorales. Barcelona: Arpa Editores.
Cervera, J. (2017, November 11). Internet y «fake news», así ha sido la injerencia rusa en la crisis catalana. La Razón. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.larazon.es/espana/internet-y-fake-news%2D%2Dinjerencia-insidiosa-rusa-JH16889624/.
CIS: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. (2020). Barómetro Especial de Abril 2020. Avance De Resultados. Estudio n° 3279. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://datos.cis.es/pdf/Es3279mar_A.pdf.
Cuenca-Fontbona, J., & Puentes-Rivera, I. (2019). Relaciones Públicas Avanzadas: Confianza. Trípodos, 45, 7–12. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://www.tripodos.com/index.php/Facultat_Comunicacio_Blanquerna/article/view/683/733.
De Miguel, B. (2018, December 5). ¿Cuántas ‘fake news’ retiran cada mes las redes sociales?. El País. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/12/05/actualidad/1544020888_112000.html.
EFE. (2018, October 25). Reino Unido multa a Facebook con 565.000 euros por el escándalo de Cambridge Analytica. El País. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/10/25/actualidad/1540460489_978436.html.
El Cazabulos. (2020, April 15). Vox se inventa un nuevo bulo para atacar a los verificadores independientes: es falso que emitan dictámenes para Twitter. El Diario.es. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.eldiario.es/tecnologia/Vox-verificadores-independientes-dictamenes-Twitter_0_1016999460.html.
EU. (2018). Action Plan against Disinformation. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/action_plan_against_disinformation.pdf.
EUvsDisinfo. (2018). Understanding the Threat and Stepping up European Response. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.dsn.gob.es/es/actualidad/sala-prensa/uni%C3%B3n-europea-plan-lucha-contra-desinformaci%C3%B3n.
Fresneda, C. (2017, November 17). La trama rusa del Brexit. El Mundo. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2017/11/17/5a0dbd3446163f23128b4623.html.
Gallego Reguera, M. (2009). Un debate transparente. In M. Gallego Reguera (Coord.), El Debate de los Debates 2008 (pp. 139–145). Barcelona: Àmbit.
Gómez Ponce, M. (2012). El debate preelectoral Rajoy-Rubalcaba en Twitter: Políticos y ciudadanos en el debate 2.0. In M. Gallego Reguera (Coord.), Debate del Debate 2011. España (pp. 67–75). Madrid: Dykinson.
Guess, A., Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2018). Selective Exposure to Misinformation: Evidence from the Consumption of Fake News During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Campaign. European Research Council. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Guess-Selective-Exposure-to-Misinformation-Evidence-Presidential-Campaign-2018.pdf.
Guimón, P. (2017, December 21). El Parlamento británico investiga la injerencia rusa en Cataluña. El País. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://elpais.com/politica/2017/12/19/actualidad/1513667125_373603.html.
Kaiser, B. (2020, January 27). I Blew the Whistle on Cambridge Analytica—Four Years Later, Facebook Still Hasn’t Learnt Its Lesson. The Independent. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/us-election-trump-cambridge-analytica-facebook-fake-news-brexit-vote-leave-a9304421.html.
López-Borrull, A., Vives-Gràcia, J., & Badell, J. I. (2018). Fake News, ¿Amenaza u Oportunidad para los Profesionales de la Información y la Documentación? El Profesional de la Información, 27(6), 1346–1356. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.nov.17.
Martínez Campuzano, J. L. (2007, August 18). Una crisis de confianza. Cinco Días. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://cincodias.elpais.com/cincodias/2007/08/18/economia/1187549744_850215.html.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Eastford, Conética: Martino Fine Books.
Mazaira-Castro, A., Rúas-Araújo, J., & Puentes-Rivera, I. (2019). Fact-Checking en los debates electorales televisados de las elecciones generales de 2015 y 2016. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 74, 748–766. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1355.
Meseguer, M. (2017, December 12). La injerencia rusa: ¿Hasta qué punto puede manipularnos un bot?. La Vanguardia. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20171211/433569713164/injerencia-rusa-manipularnos-bot.html.
Navarrete, F. (2009). Claves para realizar un debate electoral. In M. Gallego Reguera (Coord.), El Debate de los Debates 2008 (pp. 117–120). Barcelona: Àmbit.
Pastor, A. (2020, April 10). El bulo en WhatsApp sobre Newtral.es. Newtral.es. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.newtral.es/el-bulo-de-whatsapp-sobre-newtral/20200410/.
PRNoticias. (2019, June 27). Kreab organiza la jornada ‘En transición hacia la economía de la confianza’. PRNoticias. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://prnoticias.com/comunicacion/clubagencias/kreab/20174450-kreab-jornada-transicion-economia-confianza?utm_source=general+grupo+pr&utm_campaign=35888bc3a6-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_28&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_2f89044ab7-35888bc3a6-9631653&ct=t(EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_06_28).
Puentes-Rivera, I. Fernández-Souto, A. B., & Vázquez-Gestal, M. (2020). Prólogo. En I. Puentes-Rivera, A. B. Fernández-Souto y M. Vázquez-Gestal (Coords.), Debate sobre los debates electorales y nuevas formas de comunicación política (pp. 9–12). La Laguna (Tenerife): Sociedad Latina de Comunicación Social. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://www.cuadernosartesanos.org/2020/cac171.pdf.
Puentes-Rivera, I., López-López, P. C., & Vázquez-Gestal, M. (2019). Seducir a la audiencia televisiva: la autopromoción permanente. In E. Conde-Vázquez, J. Fontenla-Pedreira & J. Rúas Araújo (Eds.), Debates Electorales televisados: del antes al después (pp. 171–192). La Laguna (Tenerife): Sociedad Latina de Comunicación Social. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://www.cuadernosartesanos.org/2019/cac154.pdf.
Rodríguez, D. (2009). En España los debates empiezan antes. In M. Gallego Reguera (Coord.), El Debate de los Debates 2008 (pp. 163–167). Barcelona: Àmbit.
Rose, J. (2017). Brexit, Trump, and Post-Truth Politics. Public Integrity, 19(6), 555–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1285540.
Schroeder, A. (2012). Los Formatos de los Debates Televisivos. In M. Gallego Reguera (Coord.), Debate del Debate 2011. España (pp. 19–24). Madrid: Dykinson.
Schroeder, A. (2017). Prólogo. In M. Campo Vidal (Ed.), La Cara Oculta de los Debates Electorales (pp. 7–12). Barcelona: Arpa Editores.
Vázquez-Herrero, J., Vizoso, A., & López-García, X. (2019). Innovación tecnológica y comunicativa para combatir la desinformación: 135 experiencias para un cambio de rumbo. El Profesional de la Información, 28(3) https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.may.01.
Velarde, G. (2019, April 10). Qué tienen en común el procés independentista, el Brexit y la victoria de Trump. ElEconomista.es. Retrieved June 10, 2020, fromhttps://www.eleconomista.es/economia/noticias/9814795/04/19/Que-tienen-en-comun-el-proces-independentista-el-Brexit-y-la-victoria-de-Trump.html.
Zerfass, A., Moreno, Á., Tench, R., Verčič, D., & Verhoeven, P. (2017). European Communication Monitor 2017. How Strategic Communication Deals with the Challenges of Visualisation, Social Bots and Hypermodernity: Results of a Survey in 50 Countries. Brussels: EACD/EUPRERA, Quadriga Media Berlin. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://www.communicationmonitor.eu/2017/06/04/ecm-european-communication-monitor-2017-social-bots-visualisation-hypermodernity-benchmarking-strategic-communication/.
Zerfass, A., Verčič, D., Verhoeven, P., Moreno, A., & Tench, R. (2015). European Communication Monitor 2015. Creating Communication Value Through Listening, Messaging and Measurement. Results of a Survey in 41 Countries. Brussels: EACD/EUPRERA, Helios Media. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://www.zerfass.de/ECM-WEBSITE/media/ECM2015-Results-ChartVersion.pdf.
Zerfass, A., Verčič, D., Verhoeven, P., Moreno, A., & Tench, R. (2019). European Communication Monitor 2019. Exploring Trust in the Profession, Transparency, Artificial Intelligence and New Content Strategies. Results of a Survey in 46 Countries. Bruselas: EUPRERA/EACD, Quadriga Media Berlin. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://www.communicationmonitor.eu/2019/05/23/ecm-european-communication-monitor-2019/.
Acknowledgments
The research developed for this chapter is part of the activities of the research project of R + D + I (Challenges) “DEBATv, Televised Electoral Debates in Spain: Models, Process, Diagnosis and Proposal” (CSO2017-83159-R), funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) of the Government of Spain, the State Research Agency (SRA), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Puentes-Rivera, I., López-López, PC., Rúas-Araújo, J. (2021). Electoral Debates in Television and Democratic Quality: Value Indicators. In: Túñez-López, M., Campos-Freire, F., Rodríguez-Castro, M. (eds) The Values of Public Service Media in the Internet Society. Palgrave Global Media Policy and Business. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56466-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56466-7_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-56465-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-56466-7
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)