Abstract
This chapter analyses the main drivers and challenges of energy transition of Slovenia as a relatively small state with a relatively small and specific energy system towards its aim of climate neutrality by 2050. The analysis is based on a multi-level perspective. On one it hand recognises the existence of challenges and relevant circumstances, inter alia transport, environmental restrictions, and spatial planning, on all three levels, i.e. (energy) regime, landscape, and niche, which have to be taken into account to develop an optimal strategy for Slovenia’s energy transition to climate neutrality. On the other hand, it also reveals that Slovenia demonstrates important innovation leadership in certain fields, such as integration of renewable energy sources and advanced consumers, which should together with further enhancing of energy efficiency policy, pave the way for the country’s transition to climate neutrality.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Mansour, F., Sucic, B., & Pusnik, M. (2014). Challenges and Prospects of Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources in Slovenia. Energy, 77, 73–81.
Batinge, B., Kaviti Musango, J., & Brent, A. C. (2019). Sustainable Energy Transition Framework for Unmet Electricity Markets. Energy Policy, 129, 1090–1099.
Bukarica, V., & Tomšić, Ž. (2017). Energy Efficiency Policy Evaluation by Moving from Techno-Economic Towards Whole Society Perspective on Energy Efficiency Market. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, 968–975.
Burger, A., & Kotnik, P. (2014). Strokovna podlaga za Strategijo pametne specializacije. https://78ed73d6-a32b-490e-8ffd-e5f7dade584a.filesusr.com/ugd/dd8643_6b9b69d5893448f9896acaefb2149890.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Constitution. (2016). Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia Nos. 33/91-I, 42/97, 66/2000, 24/03, 69/04, 68/06, and 47/13. https://www.us-rs.si/media/constitution.-.2016.-.precisceni.dokument.dodan.70a.clen.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Crnčec, D. (2018). Eco-Innovation in Slovenia. EIO Country Profile 2016–2017. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecoap/sites/ecoap_stayconnected/files/field/field-country-files/slovenia_eio_country_profile_2016-2017_1.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32018L2001&from=EN. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Directive (EU) 2018/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2018.328.01.0210.01.ENG. Accessed 31 May 2020.
ELES. (2019a). Future Flow Project. https://www.eles.si/en/futureflow-project. Accessed 31 May 2020.
ELES. (2019b). OSMOSE Project. https://www.eles.si/en/OSMOSE-project. Accessed 31 May 2020.
ELES. (2019c). Sincro.Grid. https://www.sincrogrid.eu/en/About-the-Project. Accessed 31 May 2020.
ELES. (2020). Electricity Transmission System in Slovenia. https://www.eles.si/en/. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Energy Agency. (2018). Report on the Energy Sector in Slovenia for 2017. https://www.agen-rs.si/documents/54870/68629/a/78f74b68-dbfc-415e-ab88-882652558d94. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Energy Agency. (2019). Poročilo o stanju energetike v Sloveniji 2018. https://www.agen-rs.si/documents/10926/38704/Poro%C4%8Dilo-o-stanju-v-energetiki-2018/f0ee7a7a-3b8d-48b3-8a29-8cdc258d2e69. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Energy Law. (2019). Official Gazette of Republic of Slovenia (No. 60/19). https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2019-01-2673/#(Celoviti%C2%A0nacionalni%C2%A0energetski%C2%A0in%C2%A0podnebni%C2%A0na%C4%8Drt). Accessed 31 May 2020.
Environmental Protection Act. (2018). Official Gazette of Republic of Slovenia (No. 84/18). http://pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO1545. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Eurobarometer. (2019a). Special Eurobarometer 490. Climate Change. Slovenia. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/support/docs/si_climate_2019_en.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Eurobarometer. (2019b). Special Eurobarometer 492. European’s Attitudes on EU Energy Policy. Slovenia. https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/89226. Accessed 31 May 2020.
European Commission. (2011). Energy Roadmap 2050. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0885&from=EN. Accessed 31 May 2020.
European Commission. (2017). Energy Union Factsheet Slovenia. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/energy-union-factsheet-slovenia_en.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
European Commission. (2018). A Clean Planet for All: A European Strategic Long-Term Vision for a Prosperous, Modern, Competitive and Climate-Neutral Economy COM(2018) 773 Final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN. Accessed 31 May 2020.
European Commission. (2019a). Commission Recommendation on the Draft Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan of Slovenia Covering the Period 2021–2030 (SWD[2019]271final). https://www.energetika-portal.si/fileadmin/dokumenti/publikacije/nepn/priporocila_ek/nepn-si-rec_en.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
European Commission. (2019b). Eco-Innovation. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecoap/country_profiles_en. Accessed 31 May 2020.
European Commission. (2019c). Annex Amending Regulation (EU) No 347/2013 as Regards the Union List of Projects of Common Interest (SWD[2019]395final). https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/c_2019_7772_1_annex.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
European Council. (2014, October 23 and 24). Conclusions. http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-169-2014-INIT/en/pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Geels, F. W. (2002). Technological Transitions as Evolutionary Reconfiguration Processes: A Multi-Level Perspective and a Case-Study. Research Policy, 31, 1257–1274.
Geels, F. W. (2004). From Sectoral Systems of Innovation to Socio-Technical Systems: In-Sights About Dynamics and Change from Sociology and Institutional Theory. Research Policy, 33, 897–920.
Geels, F. W. (2005). Processes and Patterns in Transitions and System Innovations: Refining the Co-evolutionary Multi-level Perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 72, 681–696.
Geoplin. (2018). A New Contract on Natural Gas Supply to Slovenia Is Signed. https://www.geoplin.si/en/news/new-contract-natural-gas-supply-slovenia-signed. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Giddens, A. (2009). The Politics of Climate Change. Cambridge: Polity.
Government of the Republic of Slovenia. (2010). National Renewable Energy Action Plan 2010–2020 Slovenia. https://www.energetika-portal.si/fileadmin/dokumenti/publikacije/an_ove/an-ove_eng.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Government of the Republic of Slovenia. (2015). Strategy of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Slovenia. https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MZZ/Dokumenti/strateski-in-programski-dokumenti/strategija_ZP_ang.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Government of the Republic of Slovenia. (2018). Predlog Resolucije o energetskem konceptu Slovenije. https://www.energetika-portal.si/fileadmin/dokumenti/publikacije/eks/resolucija_ eks/resol_eks_final.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Government of the Republic of Slovenia. (2019). Predlog stališča Vlade Republike Slovenije do “Zahteve za določitev in izvedbo ukrepov za prehod v ogljično nevtralno Slovenijo do 2040 “nevladnih organizacij”. http://84.39.218.201/MANDAT18/VLADNAGRADIVA.NSF/277bdf36cd5b7373c1256efa00399a6b/42afd131b35a1a19c125847700305f70/$FILE/VG_razogljicenje_P.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Government of the Republic of Slovenia. (2020). Celoviti nacionalni energetski in podnebni načrt Republike Slovenije. https://www.energetika-portal.si/fileadmin/dokumenti/publikacije/nepn/dokumenti/nepn_5.0_final_feb-2020.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Grubler, A. (2012). Energy Transitions Research: Insights and Cautionary Tales. Energy Policy, 50(11), 8–16.
GZS. (2020, January 31). Pismo Predsedniku Vlade Republike Slovenije. https://www.gzs.si/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=SbJx63xkgQk%3d&portalid=120. Accessed 31 May 2020.
LMŠ. (2018). Načrt dela stranke v obdobju 2018–2022. https://www.strankalms.si/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PROGRAM-%C4%8Clovek.-Skupnost.-Dr%C5%BEava.-Na%C5%A1-na%C4%8Drt..pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Miller, C. A., Iles, A., & Jones, C. F. (2013). The Social Dimensions of Energy Transitions. Science as Culture, 22(2), 135–148.
Miller, C. A., Richter, J., & O’Leary, J. (2014). Socio-Energy Systems Design: A Policy Framework for Energy Transitions. Energy Research and Social Science, 6, 29–40.
Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning. (2019a). Stališče Republike Slovenije. Sporočilo Komisije–Čist planet za vse Evropska strateška dolgoročna vizija za uspešno, sodobno, konkurenčno in podnebno nevtralno gospodarstvo. http://vrs-3.vlada.si/MANDAT18/VLADNAGRADIVA.NSF/71d4985ffda5de89c12572c3003716c4/ad034f8e2447ac43c12583ec003ffa8b/$FILE/Stali%C5%A1%C4%8De29.4.2019.doc. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning. (2019b). Predlog Zakona o podnebni politiki. https://e-uprava.gov.si/.download/edemokracija/datotekaVsebina/400242?disposition=inline. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Ministry of Infrastructure. (2018). Osnutek Celovitega nacionalnega energetskega in podnebnega načrta Republike Slovenije. https://www.energetika-portal.si/fileadmin/dokumenti/publikacije/nepn/necp-en/ec_courtesy_translation_si_necp.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Ministry of Infrastructure. (2019a). Draft Environmental Report. https://www.energetika-portal.si/fileadmin/dokumenti/publikacije/nepn/cpvo/predstavitev_osnutek_op_21102019.pdf. Accessed 9 June 2020.
Ministry of Infrastructure. (2019b). NEPN–Predhodno posvetovanje. https://www.energetika-portal.si/fileadmin/dokumenti/publikacije/nepn/predhodno_posvetovanje/nepn_predhodno_posvetovanje_final_web_11.4.2019.xlsx. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Mišík, M. (2019). External Energy Security in the European Union: Small Member States’ Perspective. London: Routledge.
Mitrova, T., & Melnikov, Y. (2019). Energy Transition in Russia. Energy Transitions, 3(1–2), 73–80.
National Assembly. (2011). Resolucija o raziskovalni in inovacijski strategiji Slovenije 2011–2020 (Uradni list RS, št. 43/11). http://pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=RESO68. Accessed 31 May 2020.
National Assembly. (2015). Declaration of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Slovenia. https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MZZ/Dokumenti/strateski-in-programski-dokumenti/DECLARATION_ON_FOREIGN_POLICY_-_FINAL.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
National Assembly. (2019). Odbor za infrastrukturo, okolje in prostor–007. Nujna. Zapis seje. https://www.dz-rs.si/wps/portal/Home/deloDZ/seje/evidenca?mandat=VIII&type=pmagdt&uid=C6BA3AF915980485C12583D90031B847. Accessed 31 May 2020.
National Institute of Chemistry. (2019). New Research Initiative Will Power Up Europe’s Battery Revolution. https://www.ki.si/en/news/single-prikaz/news/novica/nova-raziskovalna-pobuda-bo-poganjala-evropsko-baterijsko-revolucijo/. Accessed 31 May 2020.
NEK. (2015). Letno poročilo Nuklearne elektrarne Krško 2014. https://www.nek.si/_files/259/LETNO_SLO_net.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Paris Agreement. (2015). https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Plinovodi. (2019). Operation of Transmission System. http://www.plinovodi.si/en/operation/operation-of-transmission-system/. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Podnebnakriza.si. (2019). Nujni poziv Vladi Republike Slovenije. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-CBlCXeWNFqVfJH4IlokMk47_KyBagEs/view. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Podnebno ogledalo. (2019). Povzetek za odločanje. https://www.podnebnapot2050.si/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/0_povzetek-za-odlo%C4%8Danje_11jun19-1.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Punda, L., Capuder, T., Pandžić, H., & Delimar, M. (2017). Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in Southeast Europe: A Review of Incentive Mechanisms and Feasibility of Investments. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 71, 77–88.
Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action. OJ L 328, 21.12.2018. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2018.328.01.0001.01.ENG&toc=OJ:L:2018:328:FULL. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Simon, F. (2018, June 26). 14 European Countries Call for Stronger EU Climate Action. Euractiv. https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/news/14-european-countries-call-for-stronger-eu-climate-action/. Accessed 9 June 2020.
Smil, V. (2017). Energy and Civilization: A History. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Smith, A., Voß, J. P., & Grin, G. (2010). Innovation Studies and Sustainability Transitions: The Allure of the Multi-level Perspective and Its Challenges. Research Policy, 39, 435–448.
Sovacool, B. K. (2016). How Long Will It Take? Conceptualizing the Temporal Dynamics of Energy Transitions. Energy Research and Social Science, 13, 202–215.
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. (2019a). Energy Dependency of Slovenia in 2018 Was at 47%. https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/News/Index/8116. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. (2019b). In 2018, Final Energy Consumption in Slovenia Was 211,000 TJ. https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/News/Index/8424. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. (2019c). Energy Dependence. https://www.stat.si/Pages/en/goals/goal-7.-ensure-access-to-affordable-reliable-sustainable-and-modern-energy-for-all/7.5-energy-dependence. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. (2020). Final Data on Research and Development Activity (R&D) in Slovenia. https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/News/Index/8692. Accessed 31 May 2020.
TEŠ. (2019). History. http://www.te-sostanj.si/en/presentation/history. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Treaty on European Union. (2009). Treaty on European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012M%2FTXT. Accessed 31 May 2020.
UN. (1992). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Verbong, G. P. J., & Frank, W. G. (2010). Exploring Sustainability Transitions in the Electricity Sector with Socio-Technical Pathways. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 77, 1214–1221.
von der Leyen, U. (2019). A Union That Strives for More: My Agenda for Europe. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/political-guidelines-next-commission_en.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2020.
World Energy Council. (2020) Energy Trilemma: Slovenia Country Profile. https://trilemma.worldenergy.org/#!/country-profile?country=Slovenia&year=2019. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Youth for Climate Justice. (2019). Zahteve gibanja. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rIiFxXgWiJ7MxfKGY8e-qk6A6vrVdojR/view. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Zgonik, S. (2019, July 5). Levičarska zarota. Mladina. https://www.mladina.si/191913/levicarska-zarota/. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Crnčec, D., Sučić, B., Merše, S. (2021). Slovenia: Drivers and Challenges of Energy Transition to Climate Neutrality. In: Mišík, M., Oravcová, V. (eds) From Economic to Energy Transition. Energy, Climate and the Environment. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55085-1_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55085-1_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-55084-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-55085-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)