Abstract
Sudan with its rivers, deserts, and savannas played a crucial role in the evolution and development of complex human behavior and societies in northeastern Africa as well as in a much larger network extending as far as Southwest Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and India. The Nile River is a prominent, but not single environmental feature, the geographical regions to the west and east of the river valley being integral parts of the environment. They equally contributed to the far-reaching influence of Sudan’s inhabitants. Regional synergy appeared at all times, beginning from the spread of early hominins and anatomically modern humans with their Out-of-Africa dispersals, continuing with the last hunters-fishers-gatherers and early food users and producers of domestic animals and plants, and concluding with the presuppositions of the rise of Pharaonic Egypt and the local kingdoms of Kerma and Aksum, which mark the end of the prehistoric period.
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Garcea, E.A.A. (2020). Final Reflections. In: The Prehistory of the Sudan. SpringerBriefs in Archaeology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47185-9_8
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