Skip to main content

Participatory Action Research: Challenges and Rewards in Fifteen Field Lessons

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Companion to Peace and Conflict Fieldwork

Abstract

This chapter is a distillation of my own experiences of participatory action research (PAR) in Zimbabwe, divided across five broad themes. Of course, I share some of my expectations and the tools I adapted, but also my own limitations as the process unfolded. The enduring lessons that stand out continue to resonate in my work today, not least: the need to remain true to the emancipatory ethic of PAR; being mindful of any unintended consequences of interventionist approaches; constantly being alive to one’s own assumptions; and respecting the time and needs of participating co-researchers. As such, this chapter hopes to encourage others to immerse themselves in, and fully embrace the messiness of PAR as a lesson in re-humanising our work in ways that transcend the notion of ‘the field’ as if divorced from our own reality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Chisi is the traditional rest day which ordinarily falls on a Wednesday when working in the fields is prohibited to allow the ancestors that reside in the soil to rest.

  2. 2.

    Youths are defined across the region as 35 years or below.

  3. 3.

    A positivist ends-means approach to arriving at fixed outcomes based on predefined value preferences within which technocratic assumptions related to, i.e. growth and development are embedded.

  4. 4.

    The development of bottom-up indicators provides an emic analysis using indigenous or local measurements to overcome the imposition of unilinear concepts and definitions. This approach is well established in development and agroecological research (Pulido and Bocco 2003; Astier et al. 2011; Rogé et al. 2014), with formal metrics being questioned in relation to difficult-to-measure concepts such as peace in Sri Lanka (Holt 2013) informing the Everyday Peace Indicator (EPI) project (Mac Ginty 2013; Firchow and Mac Ginty 2017).

  5. 5.

    Those invited included people participating in focus groups, all survey respondents, the host NGO, traditional leaders, ward councillors and district authorities.

  6. 6.

    A gender swap day was planned for international women’s day—with men and women swapping chores for the day to stimulate mutual understanding and respect for one anothers’ roles and contributions.

References

  • Argyris, C. 1976. Single-loop and double-loop models in research on decision making. Administrative Science Quarterly 21 (3): 363–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris, C., and D. Schön. 1978. Organizational learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Astier, M., E.N. Speelman, S. López-Ridaura, O.R. Masera, and C.E. Gonzalez-Esquivel. 2011. Sustainability indicators, alternative strategies and trade-offs in peasant agroecosystems: Analysing 15 case studies from Latin America. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 9 (3): 409–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belay Ali, M. 2015. Using critical realism to explain change in the context of participatory mapping and resilience. In Critical realism, environmental learning and social-ecological change, 60–81. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmaz, K. 2014. Constructing grounded theory. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, R., and J. Dart. 2005. The most significant change technique. A guide to its use. Oxford: INTRAC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Firchow, P., and R. Mac Ginty. 2017. Measuring peace: Comparability, commensurability, and complementarity using bottom-up indicators. International Studies Review 19: 6–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Herder & Herder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, S. 2013. The limits of formal metrics during conflict and post-conflict transition: Exploring opportunities for qualitative assessment in Sri Lanka. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 7 (4): 431–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mac Ginty, R. 2013. Indicators +: A proposal for everyday peace indicators. Evaluation and Programme Planning 36 (1): 56–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marnell, J., and G. Hoosain Khan. 2015. Creative resistance. Participatory methods for engaging Queer youth. Johannesburg: GALA Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAllister, G., and J. Wright. 2019. Agroecology as a practice-based tool for peacebuilding in Fragile environments? Three stories from rural Zimbabwe. Sustainability 11 (3): 790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyo, S. 2015. Africa: Rebuilding African Peasantries: Inalienability of land rights and collective food Sovereignty in Southern Africa. In The struggle for food Sovereignty: Alternative development and the renewal of peasant societies today, ed. Remy Herrera and Kin Chi Lau. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moyo, S., and P. Yeros. 2011. After Zimbabwe: State, nation and region in Africa. In Reclaiming the nation: The return of the national question in Africa, Asia and Latin America, ed. Sam Moyo and Paris Yeros. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peluso, N.L., and M. Watts. 2001. Violent environments. Ithaca: Cornell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pimbert, M.P., and J.N. Pretty. 1997. Parks, people and professionals: Putting ‘participation’ into protected area management. Social Change and Conservation 16: 297–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pulido, J.S., and G. Bocco. 2003. The traditional farming system of a Mexican indigenous community: The case of Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán, Mexico. Geoderma 111 (3–4): 249–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogé, P., A.R. Friedman, L.M. Astier, and M.A. Altieri. 2014. Farmer strategies for dealing with climatic variability: A case study from the Mixteca Alta Region of Oaxaca, Mexico. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 38 (7): 786–811.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stirling, A. 2014. Emancipating transformations: From controlling ‘the transition’ to culturing plural radical progress. STEPS Working Paper 64. Brighton: STEPS Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wrigley, R. 2006. Learning from capacity building practice: Adapting the ‘Most Significant Change’ (MSC) approach to evaluate capacity building provision by CABUNGO in Malawi. Praxis Paper No. 12. Oxford: INTRAC.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Georgina McAllister .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

McAllister, G. (2021). Participatory Action Research: Challenges and Rewards in Fifteen Field Lessons. In: Mac Ginty, R., Brett, R., Vogel, B. (eds) The Companion to Peace and Conflict Fieldwork. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics