Abstract
In 2015, the capital of France saw several terrorist attacks, which left hundreds of people injured and almost 150 people dead. Following terrorist attacks in Belgium, Germany, the UK, Sweden, Spain, and Finland were a cause why the EU has to strengthen its counter-terrorism, police and judicial cooperation. Unfortunately, exactly such tragic events as terrorist attacks from last 4 years showed that terrorist threat is a reality for the European Union citizens. The necessities in this field, and possible solutions, are explored in this research.
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Notes
- 1.
News European Parliament (2018a).
- 2.
European Commission (2019).
- 3.
European Parliamentary Research service blog (2019a).
- 4.
European values (2014a).
- 5.
Trauner and Ripoll (2016).
- 6.
Guild et al. (2010).
- 7.
Trauner and Ripoll (2016).
- 8.
Kristiina Milt (2019).
- 9.
Trauner and Ripoll (2016).
- 10.
Trauner and Ripoll (2016).
- 11.
Guild et al. (2010).
- 12.
Troitiño et al. (2018).
- 13.
Léonard and Kaunert (2016).
- 14.
Pascouau (2014).
- 15.
Färber (2017).
- 16.
Léonard and Kaunert (2016).
- 17.
Guild et al. (2010).
- 18.
European values (2014a).
- 19.
Guild et al. (2010).
- 20.
Troitino and Faerber (2019).
- 21.
Renard (2012).
- 22.
Guild et al. (2010).
- 23.
Guild et al. (2010).
- 24.
- 25.
European values (2014a).
- 26.
European Council (2019).
- 27.
- 28.
European Parliament (2018a).
- 29.
- 30.
Ramiro Troitino and Pando Ballesteros (2017).
- 31.
Outeda (2001).
- 32.
- 33.
- 34.
Hamulák (2018).
- 35.
- 36.
Council of Europe (2019).
- 37.
Nesser (2018a).
- 38.
- 39.
- 40.
- 41.
- 42.
- 43.
- 44.
Kerikmäe et al. (2019).
- 45.
Pawlas (2015).
- 46.
Castro and Lago (2018).
- 47.
- 48.
- 49.
- 50.
- 51.
- 52.
- 53.
- 54.
Troitiño (2017).
- 55.
Milt (2018).
- 56.
Martín de la Guardia and Pérez Sánchez (2001).
- 57.
- 58.
Kerikmäe (2014).
- 59.
- 60.
- 61.
- 62.
Bassot (2019).
- 63.
European values (2014a).
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Oliievska, N., Troitiño, D.R., Kerikmäe, T. (2020). Internal Security: Terrorism and Criminality Fostering Integration in the EU. In: Ramiro Troitiño, D., Kerikmäe, T., de la Guardia, R., Pérez Sánchez, G. (eds) The EU in the 21st Century. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38399-2_6
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