Abstract
Outside the secured spaces of international negotiations, open forums and demonstrations highlight other participants and discourses in the broader conversation about climate change. Organizers intentionally structure political activity in these settings through connective forms of spatial and social practice, challenging the governmental closures of official meetings and facilitating the coming together of a diverse set of affected groups and allies. Analytical work by actors involved in these settings is also crucially connective. It illustrates the key role of alternative forms of knowledge in recognizing climate injustice and putting forth meaningful socio-ecologically relational alternatives. This “outside” work is difficult in its own ways, however. The chapter therefore also explores a series of material and political challenges associated with these transnationally connective practices and analyses.
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Notes
- 1.
“Protect the environment” and “Welcome COP16 – The state of Quintana Roo where Anarchy and Corruption will always go forward.”
- 2.
See summary and final declaration of the summit at La Via Campesina 2010a.
- 3.
See also Chatterton et al. 2013, on the outside mobilizations of Copenhagen.
- 4.
- 5.
This chapter emphasizes examples from Durban, during COP17, where conditions of time and access to those with local knowledge enabled particularly fruitful observation and analysis of what are wider dynamics in transnational climate justice mobilization.
- 6.
Cf. Routledge 2017.
- 7.
See La Via Campesina 2010b.
- 8.
- 9.
Quoted in Oloo 2011, together with a description of the deliberative process from which the Caravaners’ demands emerged aligned.
- 10.
In this respect, these spaces fit the concept of Global Justice Network “convergence spaces” developed by Routledge and Cumbers 2009.
- 11.
Occupy Cop17 2014.
- 12.
Direct observation. The Speakers’ Corner was also the center of an impromptu march on the day before the Global Day of Action. The website for the gathering also provided video statements by international activists. Occupy Cop17 2014.
- 13.
Direct observation. See Takver 2011.
- 14.
Direct observation. See Goodman 2011.
- 15.
- 16.
Dismantle Corporate Power 2012.
- 17.
FOEI 2012.
- 18.
Ibid, 4.
- 19.
Ibid, 7.
- 20.
Canadian Youth Delegation, joined by 137 delegates and 21 observer organizations, 2012.
- 21.
- 22.
See, for example, Vidal 2012.
- 23.
Occupy COP17 2011.
- 24.
International Council on Human Rights Policy 2009, iii–iv.
- 25.
Robinson addressing the crowd assembled at the destination of the Day of Action march in Copenhagen. Recording on file with the author. See Introduction.
- 26.
ActionAid et al. 2010b (Climate justice brief #12: Human Rights and Climate Change), released for the Cancún COP, with contributions from seventeen organizations including ActionAid, Friends of the Earth International, JS – Asia/Pacific Movement on Debt and Development (JSAPMDD), Jubilee South, PACJA, and the Third World Network.
- 27.
Ibid, 1.
- 28.
Ibid, 2.
- 29.
- 30.
Mueller 2012, 72.
- 31.
See, e.g., IEN Executive Director Tom Goldtooth’s statement quoted in the Preface.
- 32.
- 33.
See United Nations 2011.
- 34.
See, for example, Heinrich Böll Foundation 2011.
- 35.
See Stand With Africa 2012.
- 36.
- 37.
- 38.
Hargreaves 2012, 9.
- 39.
Rural Women’s Assembly 2011.
- 40.
Occupy COP17 2014.
- 41.
Ibid, Climate Justice Now! 2011.
- 42.
- 43.
EJOLT 2013.
- 44.
Ibid.
- 45.
Government of Bolivia 2009. “Developed countries and corporations owe a two-fold climate debt to the poor majority: For their historical and continuing excessive emissions – denying developing countries their fair share of atmospheric space – they have an ‘emissions debt’; For their contribution to the adverse effects of climate change – requiring developing countries to adapt to rising climate impacts and damage – they have an ‘adaptation debt.’ The sum of these debts constitutes their climate debt, which is part of a larger ecological, social and economic debt owed by the rich industrialized world to the poor majority.” ActionAid et al. 2010a. Historical responsibility being for many parties a central element of Common but Differentiated Responsibility and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC). See Chap. 3. See also Friman 2007.
- 46.
Government of Bolivia 2009, 47.
- 47.
Roberts and Parks 2009.
- 48.
Jubilee South 2010, 2.
- 49.
See, for example, World Development Movement and Jubilee Debt Campaign 2009; ActionAid 2009. ActionAid cites supporting analysis by Stamp Out Poverty: Stamp Out Poverty 2009; Stamp Out Poverty & Institute for Development Studies 2011. See also the Robin Hood Tax organization’s analysis of climate debt: Robin Hood Tax 2010.
- 50.
- 51.
WPCCC 2010b, 1.
- 52.
WPCCC 2010a, 2.
- 53.
WPCCC 2010b, 2.
- 54.
WPCCC 2010a, 1.
- 55.
A committee presented the two texts to the July 2010 UNFCCC intercessional meeting in Bonn. Mueller 2012. Other initiatives launched in Cochabamba included proposals for an international environmental court and a global referendum on the rights of Mother Earth.
- 56.
La Via Campesina’s invitation to gather in Cancún is reprinted as an appendix (noted as page xii) in Building Bridges Collective 2010.
- 57.
Global Alliance for the Rights of Nature 2015.
- 58.
- 59.
- 60.
- 61.
- 62.
- 63.
- 64.
One Million Climate Jobs 2011.
- 65.
Author’s observation. See La Via Campesina 2011a.
- 66.
Author’s observation. See La Via Campesina 2011b.
- 67.
- 68.
- 69.
Climate Justice Now! 2007.
- 70.
- 71.
- 72.
Chatterton et al. 2013.
- 73.
Massey 2005.
- 74.
- 75.
Cf. Hart 2013 on “translation” as a crucial political modality.
- 76.
See, for example, Global Alliance for the Rights of Nature 2015.
- 77.
Harvey and Williams 1995.
- 78.
- 79.
Bond 2012.
- 80.
- 81.
- 82.
See Hargreaves 2012.
- 83.
Butler 2011.
- 84.
Cf. Wainwright and Mann 2018.
- 85.
- 86.
See official host country documentation: COP17 CMP7 2011.
- 87.
See, for example, Hargreaves analysis of the exchange. Hargreaves 2012.
- 88.
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Derman, B.B. (2020). On the Outside. In: Struggles for Climate Justice. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27965-3_4
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