Skip to main content

Contract Killers and Glocal Organised Crime: A Case Study of the ‘Baby-Faced’ Assassin

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Homicide and Organised Crime

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Risk, Crime and Society ((PSRCS))

  • 481 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter explores the nebulous concept of hitmen and their position in the criminal underworld. It does this by investigating the 2002 assassination of Gary Morgan, who was murdered by prolific hitman Peter O’Toole. O’Toole, at the height of his criminal exploits, was regarded as one of Britain’s most feared hired killers, and in court was once described as a ‘professional hitman’. In this chapter, I argue that O’Toole was by no means a professional hitman. Rather, O’Toole, at the most, should be considered a ‘Journeyman’ hitman (MacIntyre et al. in The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 53: 325–340, 2014). To offer a comprehensive account of the ambiguous position that O’Toole held in the underworld, his role as a hitman is triangulated with the critical biographical analysis of a notorious British hitman, and the understanding of ‘glocal’ organised crime (Hobbs in Lush Life: Constructing Organized Crime in the UK, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013).

O’Toole was a right little bastard. That fucker was born to simply raise hell.

—John

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bauman, Z. (1992). Intimations of Postmodernity. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • BBC News. (1997). Police Step Up Hunt for Pub Gunman. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/41584.stm. Last accessed 23 Aug 2018.

  • Black, J. A. (2000). Murder for Hire: An Exploratory Study of Participant Relationships. In P. H. Blackman, V. L. Leggett, B. L. Olsom, & J. P. Jarvis (Eds.), The Varieties of Homicide and Its Research: Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Meeting of the Homicide Research Working Group. Washington, DC: Federal Bureau of Investigation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, J. A., & Cravens, N. M. (2001). Contracts to Kill as Scripted Behaviour. In P. H. Blackman, V. L. Leggett, & J. P. Jarvis (Eds.), The Diversity of Homicide: Proceedings of the 2000 Annual Meeting of the Homicide Research Working Group. Washington, DC: Federal Bureau of Investigation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackshaw, R. E. (1996). Criminological Aspects of Contract Assassination. Unpublished M.A. thesis in Criminological Studies, School of Law and Legal Studies, Faculty of Economics, Education and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, A. (1991). Masters of Paradise. New Brunswick: Transaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brolan, L., Wilson, D., & Yardley, L. (2016). Hitmen and the Spaces of Contract Killing: The Doorstep Hitman. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 13(3), 220–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavan, S. (1966). Liquor License: An Ethnography of Bar Behaviour. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson, W. (2003). Moody: The Life and Crimes of Britain’s Most Notorious Hitman. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. (1986). The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspective on Offending. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A. (2016). Men, Masculinities and Violence: An Ethnographic Study. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fellstrom, C. (2014). Violent Dutch Gang-War Spreads Across Europe. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/violent-dutch-gang-war-spreads-across-europe-9923371.html. Last accessed 3 Sept 2018.

  • Fraser, A. (2015). Urban Legends: Gang Identity in the Post-industrial City. London: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gambetta, D. (2009). Codes of the Underworld. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, O. (1977). Luke Street: Housing Policy, Conflict and the Creation of the Delinquent Area. London: Macmillan Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S. (2012). Theorizing Crime and Deviance: A New Perspective. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S., & Winlow, S. (2015). Revitalizing Criminological Theory: Towards a New Ultra-realism. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hearn, J. (1998). The Violences of Men. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, D. (1988). Doing the Business: Entrepreneurship, Detectives and the Working Class in the East End of London. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, D. (1995). Bad Business: Professional Criminals in Modern Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, D. (1998). Going Down the Glocal: The Local Context of Organised Crime [Special Issue on Organised Crime]. The Howard Journal, 37(4), 407–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, D. (2013). Lush Life: Constructing Organized Crime in the UK. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, D., & Dunnighan, C. (1998). Glocal Organised Crime: Context and Pretext. In V. Ruggiero, N. South, & I. Taylor (Eds.), The New European Criminology (pp. 289–303). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, D., Hadfield, P., Lister, S., & Winlow, S. (2005). Bouncers: Violence and Governance in the Night-Time Economy. Oxford: Clarendon.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M. (2012). English Killer Not Guilty. http://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2012/07/27/english-killer-found-not-guilty/. Last accessed 23 Aug 2018.

  • Kimmel, M. S. (1996). Manhood in America. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latour, B. (1993). We Have Never Been Modern. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le, V. (2012). Organised Crime Typologies: Structure, Activities and Conditions. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 1, 121–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levi, K. (1981). Becoming a Hit Man: Neutralization in a Very Deviant Career. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 10(1), 47–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacIntyre, D., Wilson, D., Yardley, E., & Brolan, L. (2014). The British Hitman: 1974–2013. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 53(4), 325–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mouzos, J., & Venditto, J. (2003). Contract Killings in Australia (Research and Public Policy Series No. 53). Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Toole, R. v. (2006). ECWA Crim 951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakulski, J., & Waters, M. (1996). The Death of Class. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potter, G. W. (1994). Criminal Organisations. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman, M., & Lynes, A. (2018). Ride to Die: Understanding Masculine Honour and Collective Identity in the Motorcycle Underworld. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice, 4(4), 238–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberston, R. (1992). Globality and Modernity. Theory, Culture and Society, 9(2), 153–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, M., & Skywalker, L. (2016). The Hammerman: Life and Death as a Gang Hitman in Cape Town. Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, 55(4), 377–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sykes, G., & Matza, D. (1957). Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency. American Sociological Review, 22(6), 664–670.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2002). Results of a Pilot Survey of Forty Selected Organized Criminal Groups in Sixteen Countries. Available at: www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/publications/Pilot_survey.pdf. Last accessed 12 Dec 2018.

  • von Lampe, K. (2008). Organized Crime in Europe: Conceptions and Realities. Policing, 2(1), 7–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, T. (2005). He Would Shoot Anyone for Cash. Available at: https://www.thefreelibrary.com/He+would+shoot+anyone+for+cash+…even+his+pals%3B+BLOODTHIRSTY+LIFE+OF…-a0132864722. Last accessed 3 Aug 2018.

  • Whittington, T. (2010). Terry Adams: The British Godfather. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/expressyourself/183198/Terry-Adams-The-British-Godfather. Last accessed 5 Aug 2018.

  • Wilson, D., & Rahman, M. (2015). Becoming a Hitman. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 54(3), 250–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winlow, S. (2001). Badfellas: Crime, Tradition and New Masculinities. Oxford: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winlow, S., & Hall, S. (2006). Violent Night: Urban Leisure and Contemporary Culture. Oxford: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worden, T. (2012). British Hitman Grilled Over Spanish Murders. Available at: http://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/260903/British-hitman-grilled-over-Spanish-murders. Last accessed 22 May 2019.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammed Rahman .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Rahman, M. (2019). Contract Killers and Glocal Organised Crime: A Case Study of the ‘Baby-Faced’ Assassin. In: Homicide and Organised Crime. Palgrave Studies in Risk, Crime and Society. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16253-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16253-5_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16252-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16253-5

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics