Abstract
In contrast to previous Italian elections, the election of 2018 was one in which foreign policy-related issues were significant in the campaign and had a large impact on the outcome. In particular, while Italian citizens had in the past been mostly very supportive of the EU external constraint, these elections seemed to epitomise the end of the permissive consensus towards European integration on the part of Italian public opinion. However, although the international context had significant implications for the 2018 election, this chapter argues that there was nothing inevitable or ‘automatic’ about them. In fact, the effects of the Eurozone and the migration and refugee crises arose from an interaction between: the crises themselves; the asymmetries characterising EU responses to them; Italy’s structural features, particularly its large public debt and its weak banking system; and normative factors, such as citizens’ growing disillusionment with the country’s political institutions, and widespread fears of immigration.
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Notes
- 1.
Even though national budgetary policies are still formally under the control of the member states that have adopted the euro.
- 2.
The term Troika refers to a group consisting of the European Commission, the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank.
- 3.
While the M5s had obtained 25.5% of the vote in the 2013 general election, the LN had only obtained 4.4%.
- 4.
The Directive stipulates that ‘shareholders and creditors pay their share of the costs through a “bail-in” mechanism’ before states can intervene (European Commission 2018).
- 5.
Deletion of the adjective ‘Northern’ from the party’s title is a clear reflection of this strategy.
- 6.
At the time, the acronym Frontex stood for European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders.
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Amadio Viceré, M.G. (2019). The International Context 2013–2018. In: Ceccarini, L., Newell, J. (eds) The Italian General Election of 2018. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13617-8_4
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