Abstract
The invention of turbo codes at the beginning of the 90s totally revolutionized the field of error correcting coding. Codes relatively simple to build and decode, making it possible to approach Shannon’s theoretical limit very closely, were at last available. However, the impact of this discovery was not limited to one single coding domain. More generally, it gave birth to a new paradigm for designing digital transmission systems, today commonly known as the “turbo principle”. To solve certain very complex a priori signal processing problems, we can envisage dividing these problems into a cascade of elementary processing operations, simpler to implement. However, today we know that the one-directional succession of these processing operations leads to a loss of information. To overcome this sub-optimality, the turbo principle advocates establishing an exchange of probabilistic information, “in the two directions”, between these different processing operations. All of the information available is thus taken into account in solving the global problem and a consensus can be found between all the elementary processing operations in order to elaborate the final decision.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Keywords
- Turbo Code
- Successive Interference Cancellation
- Extrinsic Information
- Intersymbol Interference
- Turbo Equalization
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Bibliography
Etsi digital cellular telecommunication system (phase 2+). GSM 05 Series, Rel. 1999.
B. S. Ünal A. O. Berthet and R. Visoz. Iterative decoding of convolutionally encoded signals over multipath rayleigh fading channels. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, 19(9):1729–1743, Sept. 2001.
L. R. Bahl, J. Cocke, F. Jelinek, and J. Raviv. Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-20:284–287, March 1974.
J. R. Barry, A. Kavcic, S. W. McLaughlin, A. Nayak, and W. Zeng. Iterative timing recovery. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 21(1):89–102, Jan. 2004.
G. Bauch and V. Franz. A comparison of soft-in/soft-out algorithms for turbo detection. Proceedings of International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT′98), pages 259–263, June 1998.
G. Bauch and V. Franz. Iterative equalization and decoding for the gsm system. In Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC′98), pages 2262–2266, Ottawa, Canada, May 1998.
G. Bauch, H. Khorram, and J. Hagenauer. Iterative equalization and decoding in mobile communication systems. In Proceedings of 2nd European Personal Mobile Commununications Conference (EPMCC′97), pages 307–312, Bonn, Germany, Sept.–Oct. 1997.
R. Le Bidan. Turbo Equalization for Bandwidth-Efficient Digital Communication over Frequency-Selective Channels. PhD thesis, INSA de Rennes, Nov. 2003.
R. Le Bidan, C. Laot, and D. Leroux. Real-time mmse turbo equalization on the tms320c5509 fixed-point dsp. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Accoustics, Speech and Signal Processing ICCASP 2004, volume 5, pages 325–328, Montreal, Canada, May 2004.
J. Boutros and G. Caire. Iterative multiuser joint decoding: Unified framework and asymptotic analysis. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 48(7):1772–1793, July 2002.
J.-M. Brossier. Signal et Communication Numérique — Equalisation et Synchronisation. Collection Traitement du Signal. Hermès, Paris, 1997.
C. Berrou C. Douillard, M. Jézequel, A. Picart, P. Didier, and A. Glavieux. Iterative correction of intersymbol interference: Turbo equalization. European Transactions on Telecommununication, 6(5):507–511, Sept.-Oct. 1995.
P. R. Chevillat and E. Eleftheriou. Decoding of trellis-encoded signals in the presence of intersymbol interference and noise. IEEE Transactions on Commununications, 37(7):669–676, July 1989.
A. Dejonghe and L. Vandendorpe. Turbo equalization for multilevel modulation: An efficient low-complexity scheme. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC′2002), volume 3, pages 1863–1867, New-York City, NY, 28 Apr.–2 May 2002.
P. Didier. La Turbo-Egalisation et son Application aux Communications Radiomobiles. PhD thesis, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Déc. 1996.
R. J. Drost and A. C. Singer. Factor-graph algorithms for equalization. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 55(5):2052–2065, May 2007.
C. Fragouli, N. Al-Dhahir, S. N. Diggavi, and W. Turin. Prefiltered space-time m-bcjr equalizer for frequency-selective channels. IEEE Transactions on Commununications, 50(5):742–753, May 2002.
V. Franz. Turbo Detection for GSM Systems — Channel Estimation, Equalization and Decoding. PhD thesis, Lehrstuhl für Nachrichten Technik, Nov. 2000.
G. Ferrari G. Colavolpe and R. Raheli. Reduced-state bcjr-type algorithms. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, 19(5):849–859, May 2001.
A. Glavieux, C. Laot, and J. Labat. Turbo equalization over a frequency selective channel. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Turbo Codes & Related Topics, pages 96–102, Brets, France, Sept. 1997.
G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan. Matrix Computations. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 3rd edition, 1996.
Q. Guo, L. Ping, and H.-A. Loeliger. Turbo equalization based on factor graphs. In Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT′05), pages 2021–2025, Sept. 2005.
J. Hagenauer. Soft-in / soft-out — the benefits of using soft decisions in all stages of digital receivers. In Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on DSP Techniques applied to Space Communications, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Sept. 1992.
J. Hagenauer, E. Offer, C. Measson, and M. Mörz. Decoding and equalization with analog non-linear networks. European Transactions on Telecommunications, pages 107–128, Oct. 1999.
S. Haykin, M. Sellathurai, Y. de Jong, and T. Willink. Turbo mimo for wireless communications. IEEE Communications Magazine, pages 48–53, Oct. 2004.
M. Hélard, P.J. Bouvet, C. Langlais, Y.M. Morgan, and I. Siaud. On the performance of a turbo equalizer including blind equalizer over time and frequency selective channel. comparison with an ofdm system. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Turbo Codes & Related Topics, pages 419–422, Brest, France, Sept. 2003.
G. D. Forney Jr. Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequences in the presence of intersymbol interference. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-18(3):363–378, May 1972.
W. Koch and A. Baier. Optimum and sub-optimum detection of coded data disturbed by time-varying intersymbol interference. In Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommununication Conference (GLOBECOM′90), volume 3, pages 1679–1684, San Diego, CA, 2–5 Dec. 1990.
C. Langlais. Etude et amélioration d′une technique de réception numérique itérative: Turbo Egalisation. PhD thesis, INSA de Rennes, Nov. 2002.
C. Langlais and M. Hélard. Mapping optimization for turbo equalization improved by iterative demapping. Electronics Letters, 38(2), Oct. 2002.
C. Langlais, M. Hélard, and M. Lanoiselée. Synchronization in the carrier recovery of a satellite link using turbo codes with the help of tentative decisions. In Proceedings of IEE Col loqium on Turbo Codes in Digital Broadcasting, Nov. 1999.
C. Laot. Egalisation Auto-didacte et Turbo-Egalisation — Application aux Canaux Sélectifs en Fréquence. PhD thesis, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France, July 1997.
C. Laot, R. Le Bidan, and D. Leroux. Low-complexity mmse turbo equalization: A possible solution for edge. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 4(3), May 2005.
C. Laot, A. Glavieux, and J. Labat. Turbo equalization: Adaptive equalization and channel decoding jointly optimized. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in communications, 19(9):1744–1752, Sept. 2001.
I. Lee. The effects of a precoder on serially concatenated coding systems with an isi channel. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 49(7):1168–1175, July 2001.
S.-J. Lee, N. R. Shanbhag, and A. C. Singer. Area-efficient high-throughput vlsi architecture for map-based turbo equalizer. In Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems SIPS 2003, pages 87–92, Seoul, Korea, Aug. 2003.
H.-A. Loeliger. An introduction to factor graphs. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 21(1):28–41, Jan. 2004.
H.-A. Loeliger, J. Dauwels, J. Hu, S. Korl, L. Ping, and F. R. Kschischang. The factor graph approach to model-based signal processing. Proceedings of IEEE, 95(6):1295–1322, June 2007.
K. Narayanan. Effects of precoding on the convergence of turbo equalization for partial response channels. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, 19(4):686–698, Apr. 2001.
N. Nefedov, M. Pukkila, R. Visoz, and A. O. Berthet. Iterative receiver concept for tdma packet data systems. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 14(5):457–469, Sept.–Oct. 2003.
R. Otnes. Improved receivers for digital High Frequency communications: iterative channel estimation, equalization, and decoding (adaptive turbo equalization). PhD thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2002.
B. Penther, D. Castelain, and H. Kubo. A modified turbo detector for long delay spread channels. In Proceedings of I nter national Symposium on Turbo Codes & Related Topics, pages 295–298, Brest, France, Sept. 2000.
A. Picart, P. Didier, and A. Glavieux. Turbo detection: A new approach to combat channel frequency selectivity. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC′97), pages 1498–1502, Montreal, Canada, June 1997.
J. G. Proakis. Digital Communications. McGraw-Hill, New-York, 4th edition, 2000.
S. U. H. Qureshi. Adaptive equalization. Proceedings of the IEEE, 73(9):1349–1387, Sept. 1985.
M.C. Reed and P.D. Alexander. Iterative multiuser detection using antenna arrays and fec on multipath channels. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in communications, 17(12):2082–2089, Dec. 1999.
D. Reynolds and X. Wang. Low-complexity turbo equalization for diversity channels. Signal Processing, 81(5):989–995, May 2001.
A. Tarable, G. Montorsi, and S. Benedetto. A linear front end for iterative soft interference cancellation and decoding in coded cdma. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC′01), 11–14 June 2001.
S. ten Brink. Designing iterative decoding schemes with the extrinsic information transfer chart. AEÜ International Journal of Electronics Communications, 54(6):389–398, Nov. 2000.
M. Tüchler, R. Kötter, and A. C. Singer. Turbo equalization: Principles and new results. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 50(5):754–767, May 2002.
M. Tüchler, A. C. Singer, and R. Kötte. Minimum mean-squared error equalization using a priori information. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 50(3):673–683, March 2002.
G. Ungerboeck. Channel coding with mutilevel/phase signals. IEEE Trans. Info. Theory., IT-28(1):55–67, Jan. 1982.
M.K. Varanasi and T. Guess. Optimum decision feedback multiuser equalization with successive decoding achieves the total capacity of the gaussian multiple-access channel. In Con ference Record of t he Thirty-First Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, volume 2, pages 1405–1409, 2–5 Nov. 1997.
G. M. Vitetta, B. D. Hart, A. Mämmelä, and D. P. Taylor. Equalization techniques for single-carrier unspread digital modulations. In A. F. Molish, editor, Wideband Wireless Digital Communications, pages 155–308. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2001.
F. Volgelbruch and S. Haar. Improved soft isi cancellation for turbo equalization using full soft output channel decoder’s information. In Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommununication Conference (Globecom′ 2003), pages 1736–1740, San Francisco, USA, Dec. 2003.
X. Wang and H. V. Poor. Iterative (turbo) soft interference cancellation and decoding for coded cdma. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 47(7):1046–1061, July 1999.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag France, Paris
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2010). The turbo principle applied to equalization and detection. In: Berrou, C. (eds) Codes and Turbo Codes. Collection IRIS. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0039-4_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0039-4_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Paris
Print ISBN: 978-2-8178-0038-7
Online ISBN: 978-2-8178-0039-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)