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Cellules souches mésenchymateuses

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Réparations tissulaires à la jambe

Part of the book series: Collection ((APPRPRAT))

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Résumé

Les cellules souches ont la double caractéristique de se différencier vers différents tissus et de se renouveler en gardant leur caractère de cellule souche. Les cellules souches mésenchymateuses (CSM) sont des progéniteurs multipotents donnant naissance et permettant la cicatrisation des tissus conjonctifs présents dans l’appareil moteur [1]: os (ostéoblastes), cartilage (chondrocytes), tendons (ténocytes), et aussi du tissu adipeux (adipocytes) et du stroma médullaire à différenciation vasculaire musculaire lisse. Au sein de l’os spongieux, elles se trouvent dans le même environnement que les cellules souches hématopoïétiques. De manière moins affirmée, elles donneraient naissance aux cellules musculaires sarcomériques (squelettiques et cardiaques), aux cellules endothéliales, voire à des cellules d’origine non mésodermique [1–5]. Les CSM ont été isolées par adhérence au plastique dans les années soixante par Friedenstein [6] à partir de la moelle osseuse d’animaux adultes. Les cellules adhérentes génèrent des colonies clonales de cellules fibroblastiques. Les cellules à l’origine de ces colonies sont appelées «colonyforming unit-fibroblasts» (CFU-F) et sont considérées comme des CSM. La différenciation des CSM en ostéoblaste est la plus anciennement connue. In vitro, elle n’est observée qu’avec des milieux spécifiques et certains facteurs de croissance. Les mécanismes de cette différenciation sont en cours d’analyse.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique 2 hôpital Trousseau CHU, 37044, Tours Cedex 09, France

    P. Rosset

  2. Faculté de médecine, Université François Rabelais Tours Tours, France

    P. Rosset

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag France, Paris

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Rosset, P. (2012). Cellules souches mésenchymateuses. In: Réparations tissulaires à la jambe. Collection Approche pratique en orthopédie — traumatologie . Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-99066-3_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-99066-3_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-287-99065-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-287-99066-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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