Skip to main content

Substance Abuse in the Affective Disorders

  • Chapter
Substance Abuse and Psychopathology

Part of the book series: Applied Clinical Psychology ((ACPH))

Abstract

Common sense suggests that there might be a relationship between affective disorder and substance abuse. That drugs might be sought and abused by individuals who are experiencing unhappiness or dysphoria is consistent with popular notions about drug-taking behavior. There is, in fact, a great deal of evidence for a rather strong association between alcoholism and affective disorder, though by no means as simple or as well understood as the popular commonsense notion would suggest. On the other hand, there is very little evidence of any particular association between other drugs and affective disorder. This may in part be due to lack of study or to the relative newness of other drugs of abuse, but the discrepancy is striking and is in itself an interesting finding. In any event, there is good reason to consider alcohol and other drugs of abuse separately with respect to their relationship to affective disorder.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akiskal, H. S., Rosenthal, T. L., Haykal, R. F., Lemmi, H., Rosenthal, R. H., & Scott-Strauss, A. Characterological depressions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1980, 131, 777–783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allman, L. R., Raylor, H. A., & Nathan, P. E. Group drinking during stress: Effects on drinking behavior, affect, psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1972, 129, 669–678.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amark, C. A study in alcoholism. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 1951, 70 (Suppl), 283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angst, J. Genetic aspects of depression. In P. Kielholz (Ed.), Depressive illness. Berne: Hans Huber, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baastrup, P. C., & Schou, M. Lithium as a prophylactic agent against recurrent depressions and manic depressive psychosis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1967, 16, 162–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behar, D., & Winokur, G. Research in alcoholism and depression: A two-way street under construction. In R. W. Pickens & L. L. Heston (Eds.), Psychiatric factors in drug abuse. New York: Grüne «Sc Stratton, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budge, E. W. Dwellers on the Nile. New York: Arno Press, 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cade, J. F. J. Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement. Medical Journal of Australia, 1949, 2, 349–352.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campanella, G., & Fossi, G. Considerazioni sui rapport: Fra alcoolismo e manifestazioni depressive. Rassegna Di Studi Psichiatrici, 1963, 52, 617–632.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassidy, W. L., Flanagan, N. B., Spellman, M., & Cohen, M. E. Clinical observations in manic-depressive disease. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1957, 164, 1535–1546.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ditman, K. Review and evaluation of current drug therapies in alcoholism. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1966, 28, 667–677.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorus, W., & Senay, E. C. Depression, demographic dimensions, and drug abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1980, 137, 699–704.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunner, D. L., Hensel, B. M., & Fieve, R. R. Bipolar illness: Factors in drinking behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1979, 136, 583–585.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • East, W. N. On attempted suicide with an analysis of 1,000 consecutive cases. Journal of Mental Sciences, 1913, 59, 428–478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flemenbaum, A. Affective disorders & “chemical dependence”: Lithium for alcohol and drug addiction? Diseases of the Nervous System, 1973, 35, 281–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flemenbaum, A. Does lithium block the effects of amphetamine?: A report of three cases. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1974, 131, 820–821.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freed, E. X. Alcohol abuse by manic patients. Psychological Reports, 1969, 25, 280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freed, E. X. Alcoholism and manic-depressive disorders. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1970, 31, 62–89.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fries, H. Experience with lithium carbonate treatment at a psychiatric department in the period 1964–1967. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 1969, 207, 44–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerard, D. L., & Kornetsky, C. Adolescent opiate addiction: A study of control and addict subjects. Psychiatric Quarterly, 1955, 29, 457–486.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, M. S. To drink or not to drink: An experimental analysis of group drinking decisions by four alcoholics. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1974, 131, 1123–1130.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, R. C. W., Stickney, S. K., Gardner, E. R., Perl, M., & LeCann, A. F. Relationship of psychiatric illness to drug abuse. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, 1979, 11, 337–342.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamm, J. E., Major, L. F., & Brown, G. L. The quantitative measurement of depression and anxiety in male alcoholics. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1979, 136, 580–582.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Judd, L. L., Hubbard, B., Huey, L. Y., Attewell, P. A., Janowsky, D. S., & Takahashi, K. I. Lithium carbonate and ethanol induced “highs” in normal subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1977, 34, 463–467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keeler, M. H., Taylor, C. I., & Miller, W. C. Are all recently detoxified alcoholics depressed? American Journal of Psychiatry, 1979, 136, 586–588.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khantzian, E. J., & Treece, C. J. Heroin addiction: The diagnostic dilemma for psychiatry. In R. W. Pickens & L. L. Heston (Eds.), Psychiatric factors in drug abuse. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kline, N. S., Wren, J. C., Cooper, T. B., Varga, E., & Canal, O. Evaluation of lithium therapy in chronic and periodic alcoholism. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1974, 268, 15–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, L. Types and characteristics of drug addicts. Mental Hygiene, 1925, 9, 300–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, J. C. A brief history of heroin addiction in America. In D. E. Smith & G. R. Gay (Eds.), Heroin in perspective. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemere, F. What happens to alcoholics? American Journal of Psychiatry, 1953, 109, 674–676.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liskow, B., Mayfield, D. & Thiele, J. Alcohol and affective disorder: Assessment and treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 1982, 43, 144–147.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayfield, D. G. Psychopharmacology of alcohol: I. Affective change with intoxication, drinking behavior and affective state. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1968, 146, 314–321.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayfield, D. G. Psychopharmacology of alcohol: II. Affective tolerance in alcohol intoxication. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1968, 146, 322–327. (b)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayfield, D. G. Alcohol and affect: Experimental studies. In D. W. Goodwin & C. K. Erickson (Eds.), Alcoholism and affective disorders. New York: Spectrum, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayfield, D., & Allen, D. Alcohol and affect: A psychopharmacological study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1967, 123, 1346–1351.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayfield, D. G., & Coleman, L. L. Alcohol use and affective disorder. Diseases of the Nervous System, 1968, 29, 467–474.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayfield, D. G., & Montgomery, D. Alcoholism, alcohol intoxication, and suicide attempts. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1972, 27, 349–353.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, M. T., Mendelson, J. H., & Stein, S. Comparative psychosocial studies of alcoholic and non-alcoholic subjects undergoing experimentally induced ethanol intoxication. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1966, 28, 13–26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLellan, A. T., & Druley, K. A. Non-random relation between drugs of abuse and psychiatric diagnosis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1977, 13, 179–184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLellan, A. T., Woody, G. E. & O’Brien, C. P. Development of psychiatric illness in drug abusers. New England Journal of Medicine, 1979, 301, 1310–1314.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, J. H. (Ed.). Experimentally induced chronic intoxication and withdrawal in alcoholics. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1964, Suppl. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, J. B. The family histories of manic-depressive patients with and without alcoholism. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1975, 160, 227–230.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nace, E. P., Meyers, A. L., O’Brien, C. P., Ream, N., & Mintz, J. Depression in veterans two years after Viet Nam. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1977, 134, 167–170.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norwig, J., & Borge, N. A follow-up of 221 alcohol addicts in Denmark. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1956, 17, 633–640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. S., Alkana, R. L., Birnbaum, I. M., Hartley, J. T., & Noble, E. P. Alcohol and the disruption of cognitive processes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1974, 31, 824–828.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J. B., Meiller, R. M., & Andrews, G. W. Major psychiatric disorders masquerading as alcoholism. Southern Medical Journal, 1960, 53, 560–564.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pauleikoff, B. Uber die Seltenheit von Alkohol abusus bei zyklothym Depressiven. Nervenartz, 1953, 24, 445–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peck, C. C., Pond, S. M., Becker, C. E., & Lee, K. An evaluation of the effects of lithium in the treatment of chronic alcoholism: II. Assessment of the two-period crossover design. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1981, 5, 252–255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pitts, F. N., & Winokur, G. Affective disorder: VII. Alcoholism and affective disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1966, 4, 37–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pond, S. M., Becker, C. E., Vandervoort, R., Phillips, M., Bowler, R. N., & Peck, C. C. An evaluation of the effects of lithium in the treatment of chronic alcoholism: I. Clinical results. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1981, 5, 247–251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pottenger, M., McKernon, J., Patrie, L. E., Weissman, M. M., Ruben, H. L., & Newberry, P. The frequency and persistence of depressive symptoms in the alcohol abuser. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1978, 166, 562–570.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reich, L. H., Davies, R. K., & Himmelhoch, J. M. Excessive alcohol use in manic-depressive illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1974, 131, 83–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C. M., Merry, J., & Coppen, A. Prophylactic treatment of alcoholism by lithium carbonate: An initial report. In D. W. Goodwin & C. K. Erickson (Eds.), Alcoholism and affective disorders. New York: Spectrum, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins, E., Murphy, G. E., Wilkinson, R. H., Gassner, S., & Kayes, J. Some clinical considerations in the prevention of suicide based on a study of 134 successful suicides. American Journal of Public Health, 1959, 49, 888–899.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, S. S., & Keller, M. (Eds.). Alcohol and health (DHEW Publication Number (HSM) 72–9099). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rounsaville, B. J., Weissman, M. M., Crits-Christoph, K., Wilber, C., & Kleber, H. Diagnosis and symptoms of depression in opiate addicts. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1982, 39, 151–156. (a)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rounsaville, B. J., Weissman, M. M., Kleber, H., & Wilber, C. Heterogeneity of psychiatric diagnosis in treated opiate addicts. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1982, 39, 161–166. (b)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, J. A., Donley, P., Morgan, D. W., & Robinson, J. A. Treatment of depression in alcoholics. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1975, 132, 641–644.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherfey, M. J. Psychopathology and character structure in chronic alcoholism. In O. Diethelm (Ed.), Etiology of chronic alcoholism. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, J. D. Ethanol intake and lithium in rats. In D. W. Goodwin & C. K. Erickson (Eds.), Alcoholism and affective disorders. New York: Spectrum, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. C., Parker, E. S., & Noble, E. P. Alcohol and affect in a dyadic social interaction. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1975, 37, 25–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, W. C. Alcoholism and suicidal impulses. Quarterly Journal of Inebriety, 1900, 22, 17–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamerin, J. S., & Mendelson, J. H. The psychodynamics of chronic inebriation: Observations of alcoholics during the process of drinking in an experimental group setting. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1969, 125, 886–899.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyndel, M. Psychiatric study of one thousand alcoholic patients. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 1974, 19, 21–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaillant, G. E. A 12-year follow-up of New York narcotic addicts. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1966, 15, 599–609.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Kammen, D. P., & Murphy, D. Blockading of d-and L-amphetamine-induced activation and euphoria by lithium ion. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1966, 7, 197–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viamontes, J. A. Review of drug effectiveness in the treatment of alcoholism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1972, 128, 100–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren, G. H., & Raynes, A. E. Mood changes during three conditions of alcohol intake. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1972, 33, 979–989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M. M., & Myers, J. K. Clinical depression in alcoholism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1980, 137, 372–373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M. M., Slobetz, F., Prusoff, B., Mezritz, M., & Howard, P. Clinical depression among narcotic addicts maintained on methadone in the community. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1976, 133, 1434–1438.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, A. F. Social drinking, anxiety, and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1966, 3, 689–693.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winokur, G. Alcoholism and depression in the same family. In D. W. Goodwin & C. K. Erickson (Eds.), Alcoholism and affective disorders. New York: Spectrum, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winokur, G., Rimmer, J., & Reich, T. Alcoholism IV: Is there more than one type of alcoholism? British Journal of Psychiatry, 1971, 118, 525–531.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winokur, G., Reich, T., Rimmer, J., & Pitts, F. N. Alcoholism: III. Diagnosis and familial psychiatric illness in 259 alcoholic probands. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1970, 23, 104–111.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woody, G. E., O’Brien, C. P., & McLellan, A. T. Depression in narcotic addicts: Possible causes and treatment. In R. W. Pickens & L. L. Heston (Eds.), Psychiatric factors in drug abuse. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woody, G. E., O’Brien, C. P., & Rickels, K. Depression and anxiety in heroin addicts: A placebo-controlled study of doxepin in combination with methadone. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1975, 132, 447–450.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. The use of cannabis, (Technical Report Series No. 478). Author, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mayfield, D. (1985). Substance Abuse in the Affective Disorders. In: Alterman, A.I. (eds) Substance Abuse and Psychopathology. Applied Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3641-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3641-7_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-3643-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3641-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics