Abstract
One of the most worrisome parts of any mental health clinician’s job is the fear that a client will be violent. Clinicians often bear special legal responsibility and authority to detect those people (among their clientele) who present a risk of imminent violence and to prevent it through treatment or incapacitation. There is also often public outrage when psychiatric patients or ex-patients commit seriously violent acts, and a large share of that outrage is often directed toward clinicians who treated the client. The outrage is based on an assumption that if a client hurts some innocent person, the clinician must have been negligent in failing to notice the danger, failing to provide treatment, or failing to have or keep the dangerous client locked up.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abel, G. G., Blanchard, E. B., & Becker, J. V. (1978). An integrated treatment program for rapists. In R. T. Rada (Ed.), Clinical aspects of the rapist (pp. 161–214). New York: Grune & Stratton.
Abel, G. G., Mittelman, M. S., Becker, J. V., Rathner, J., & Rouleau, J. L. (1988). Predicting child molesters’ response to treatment. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 528, 223–234.
Adams, J. J., Meloy, J. R., & Moritz, M. S. (1990). Neuropsychological deficits and violent behavior in incarcerated schizophrenics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 178, 253–256.
Andrews, D. A. (1980). Some experimental investigations of the principles of differential association through deliberate manipulations of the structure of service systems. American Sociological Review, 45, 448–462.
Andrews, D. A., Kiessling, J. J., & Kominos, S. (1983). The Level of Supervision Inventory (LSI 6): Interview and scoring guide. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Correctional Services.
Andrews, D. A., Zinger, L., Hoge, R. D., Bonta, J., Gendreau, P., & Cullen, F. T. (1990). Does correctional treatment work? A clinically relevant and psychologically informed meta-analysis. Criminology, 28, 369–404.
Annis, H. M., & Davis, C. S. (1986). Self-efficacy and prevention of alcoholic relapse: Initial findings from a treatment trial. In J. B. Baker & D. Cannon (Eds.), Addictive disorders: Psychological research on assessment and treatment (pp. 88–112). New York: Praeger.
Arbuthnot, J., & Gordon, D. A. (1983). Moral reasoning development in correctional intervention. Journal of Correctional Education, 34, 133–138.
Arbuthnot, J., & Gordon, D. A. (1986). Behavioral and cognitive effects of a moral reasoning development intervention for high-risk behavior-disordered adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 208–216.
Berlin, F. S. (1983). A biomedical perspective and a status report on biomedical treatment. In J. G. Greer & I. R. Stuart (Eds.), The sexual aggressor: Current perspectives on treatment (pp. 83–123). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Biaggio, M. K. (1987). Therapeutic management of anger. Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 663–675.
Bonta, J., & Motiuk, L. L. (1985). Utilization of an interview-based classification instrument: A study of correctional halfway houses. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 12, 333–352.
Burt, M. R. (1980). Cultural myths and supports for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 131–150.
Bushman, B. J., & Cooper, H. M. (1990). Effects of alcohol on human aggression: An integrative research review. Psychological Bulletin, 107(5), 341–354.
Buss, A. H., & Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 343–349.
Carmel, H., Dietz, P., & Eichelman, B. (1991). Dangerous patients and your safety. Audio-Digest Psychiatry, 20.
Cleckley, H. (1976). The mask of sanity. St. Louis: Mosby.
Colby, A., & Kohlberg, L. (1987). The measurement of moral judgment, Vol. 1: Theoretical foundations and research validation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Defifenbacher, J. L., Demm, P. M., & Brandon, A. D. (1986). High general anger: Correlates and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 481–489.
Devinksy, O., & Bear, J. (1984). Varieties of aggressive behavior in temporal lobe epilepsy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 561–566.
Dubin, W. R. (1989). The role of fantasies, countertransference, and psychological defenses in patient violence. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 40, 1280–1283.
Earls, C. M., & Castonguay, L. G. (1989). The evaluation of olfactory aversion for a bisexual pedophile with a single-case multiple baseline design. Behavior Therapy, 20, 137–146.
Eichelman, B. (1987). Neurochemical bases of aggressive behavior. Psychiatric Annual Report, 17, 371–374.
Eichelman, B. (1988). Toward a rational pharmacotherapy for aggressive and violent behavior. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 39, 31–39.
Eichelman, B. (1992). Aggressive behavior: From laboratory to clinic. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 488–489.
Ethridge, D. A. (1968). Pre-vocational assessment of rehabilitation potential of psychiatric patients. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 22, 161–167.
Faust, D., & Ziskin, J. (1988). The expert witness in psychology and psychiatry. Science, 241, 501–511.
Furby, L., Weinrott, M. R., & Blackshaw, L. (1989). Sex offender recidivism: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 3–30.
Gendreau, P., & Ross, R. R. (1987). Revivification of rehabilitation: Evidence from the 1980s. Justice Quarterly, 4, 349–407.
Gertsley, L., McLellan, A. T., Alterman, A. I., Woody, G. E., Luborsky, L, & Prout, M. (1989). Ability to form an alliance with the therapist: A possible marker of prognosis for patients with antisocial personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 508–512.
Goldstein, A. P., & Glick, B. (1987). Aggression replacement training: A comprehensive intervention for aggressive youth. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
Gottfredson, D. M., Wilkins, L. T., & Hoffman, P. B. (1978). Guidelines for parole and sentencing. Toronto: Lexington.
Hanson, R. K., Cox, B., & Woszczyna, C. (1991). Assessing treatment outcome for sexual offenders. Annals of Sex Research, 4, 177–208.
Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist—Revised. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
Hare, R. D., & McPherson, L. M. (1984). Violent and aggressive behavior by criminal psychopaths. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 7, 35–50.
Harris, G. T. (1989). The relationship between neuroleptic drug dose and the performance of psychiatric patients in a maximum security token economy program. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 20, 57–67.
Harris, G. T., Hilton, N. Z., & Rice, M. E. (1993). Patients admitted to psychiatric hospital: Presenting problems and resolution at discharge. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 25, 267–285.
Harris, G. T., & Rice, M. E. (1990). An empirical approach to classification and treatment planning for psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 3–14.
Harris, G. T., & Rice, M. E. (1992). Reducing violence in institutions: Maintaining behavior change. In R. D. Peters, R. J. McMahon, & V. L. Quinsey (Eds.), Aggression and violence throughout the lifespan (p. 263–284). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Quinsey, V. L. (1993). Violent recidivism of mentally disordered offenders: The development of a statistical prediction instrument. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20, 315–335.
Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., Chaplin, T. C., & Earls, C. (1992). Maximizing the discriminant validity of phallometric assessment data. Psychological Assessment, 4, 502–511.
Hillbrand, M., Foster, H. G., & Hirt, M. (1991). Alcohol abuse, violence, and neurological impairment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6, 411–422.
Hogan, R. (1969). Development of an empathy scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 307–316.
Langevin, R., Bain, J., Ben-Aron, M. H., Coulthard, R., Day, D., Handy, L., Heasman, G., Hucker, S. J., Purins, J. E., Roper, V., Russon, A. E., Webster, C. W., & Wortzman, G. (1985). Sexual aggression: Constructing a predictive equation. In R. Langevin (Ed.), Erotic preference, gender identity, and aggression in men: New research studies (pp. 39–62). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Lanyon, R. I., Dannenbaum, S. E., & Brown, A. R. (1991). Detection of deliberate denial in child abusers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6, 301–309.
Laws, D. R. (Ed.). (1989). Relapse prevention with sex offenders. New York: Guilford.
Lewis, C. E., Robins, L, & Rice, J. (1985). Association of alcoholism with antisocial personality in urban men. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173, 166–174.
Lindqvist, P. (1986). Criminal homicide in Northern Sweden 1970-1981: Alcohol intoxication, alcohol abuse and mental disease. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 8, 19–37.
Lindqvist, P., & Allebeck, P. (1990). Schizophrenia and crime: A longitudinal followup of 644 schizophrenics in Stockholm. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 345–350.
Link, B. G., Andrews, H., & Cullen, F. T. (1992). Reconsidering the violent and illegal behavior of mental patients. American Sociological Review, 57, 275–292.
Lomis, M. J., & Baker, L. L. (1985). Micro-training of forensic psychiatric patients for empathic counseling skills. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32, 84–93.
Lukoff, D., Liberman, R. P., & Nuechterlein, K. H. (1986). Symptom monitoring in the rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 12, 578–602.
Maletzky, B. M. (1980). Self-referred versus court-referred sexually deviant patients: Success with assisted covert sensitization. Behavior Therapy, 11, 306–314.
Manuele, C. A. (1983). The development of a measure to assess vocational maturity in adults with delayed career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 23, 45–63.
Marques, J. K., Day, D. M., Nelson, C., Miner, M. H., & West, M. A. (1989). The sex offender treatment and evaluation project: Third report to the Legislature in response to PC 1365. Sacramento: California State Department of Mental Health.
Marques, J. K., Day, D. M., Nelson, C., & West, M. A. (1993). Findings and recommendations from California’s experimental treatment program. In G. C. N. Hall & R. Hirschman (Eds.), Sexual aggression: Issues in etiology and assessment, treatment, and policy. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
Marshall, W. L., & Barbaree, H. E. (1988). The long-term evaluation of a behavioral treatment program for child molesters. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26, 499–511.
Marshall, W. L., & Barrett, S. (1990). Criminal neglect: Why sex offenders go free. Toronto: Doubleday.
Meichenbaum, D., & Turk, D. C. (1987). Facilitating treatment adherence: A practitioner’s guidebook. New York: Plenum.
Melton, G. B., Petrila, J., Poythress, N. G., & Slobogin, C. (1987). Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers New York: Guilford.
Monahan, J. (1981). The clinical prediction of violent behavior. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Monahan, J. (1992). Mental disorder and violent behavior: Perceptions and evidence. American Psychologist, 47, 511–521.
Morey, L. C., Skinner, H. A., & Blashfield, R. K. (1984). A typology of alcohol abusers: Correlates and implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 408–417.
Mueser, K. T., Bellack, A. S., & Blanchard, J. J. (1992). Comorbidity of schizophrenia and substance abuse: Implications for treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 845–856.
Newman, J. P. (1987). Reaction to punishment in extraverts and psychopaths: Implications for the impulsive behavior of disinhibited individuals. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 464–480.
Newman, J. P., & Kosson, D. S. (1986). Passive avoidance learning in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic offenders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 252–256.
Newman, J. P., Patterson, C. M., & Kosson, D. S. (1987). Response perseveration in psychopaths. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 145–148.
Novaco, R. W. (1975). Anger control. Toronto: D. C. Heath.
Novaco, R. W. (1983). Stress inoculation therapy for anger control. In P. A. Keller & L. G. Ritt (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (Vol. 2). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.
Novaco, R. W., & Welsh, W. N. (1989). Anger disturbances: Cognitive mediation and clinical prescriptions. In K. Howells and C. R. Hollin (Eds.), Clinical approaches to violence (pp. 39–87). New York: Wiley.
Nuffield, J. (1982). Parole decision-making in Canada: Research towards decision guidelines. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada.
Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports, 19, 799–812.
Patterson, G. R. (1985). A microsocial analysis of anger and irritable behavior. In M. A. Chesney & R. H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders (pp. 63–79). New York: Hemisphere.
Pithers, W. D., Marques, J. K., Gibat, C. C., & Marlatt, G. A. (1983). Relapse prevention with sexual aggressives: A self control model of treatment and maintenance of change. In J. Greer & I. R. Stuart (Eds.), The sexual aggressor: Current perspectives on treatment (pp. 214–239). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Platt, J. J., Scura, W, & Hannon, J. R. (1973). Problem-solving thinking of youthful incarcerated heroin addicts. Journal of Community Psychology, 1, 278–281.
Pollock, N. L., & Hashmall, J. M. (1991). The excuses of child molesters. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 9, 53–59.
Quinsey, V. L. (1980). The baserate problem and the prediction of dangerousness: A reappraisal. Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 8, 329–340.
Quinsey, V. L. (1984). Sexual aggression: Studies of offenders against women. In D. Weisstub (Ed.), Law and mental health: International perspectives (Vol. 1; pp. 84–121). New York: Pergamon.
Quinsey, V. L. (1986). Men who have sex with children. In D. Weisstub (Ed.), Law and mental health: International perspectives (Vol. 2; pp. 140–172). New York: Pergamon.
Quinsey, V. L. (1988). Sexual deviancy. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 1, 688–690.
Quinsey, V. L. (1990). Sexual violence. In R. Bluglass and P. Bowden (Eds.), Principles and practice of forensic psychiatry (pp. 563–572). London: Churchill/Livingstone.
Quinsey, V. L., & Ambtman, R. (1979). Variables affecting psychiatrists’ and teachers’ assessments of the dangerousness of mentally ill offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 353–362.
Quinsey, V. L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Lalumière, M. L. (1993). Assessing treatment efficacy in outcome studies of sex offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8, 512–523.
Quinsey, V. L., & Maguire, A. (1983). Offenders remanded for a psychiatric examination: Perceived treatability and disposition. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 6, 193–205.
Quinsey, V. L., & Walker, W. D. (1992). Dealing with dangerousness: Community risk management strategies with violent offenders. In R. DeV. Peters, R. J. McMahon, & V. L. Quinsey (Eds.), Aggression and violence throughout the life span (pp. 244–262). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Rice, M. E., & Harris, G. T. (1988). An empirical approach to the classification and treatment of maximum security psychiatric patients. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 6, 497–514.
Rice, M. E., & Harris, G. T. (1992). A comparison of criminal recidivism among schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic offenders. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 15, 397–408.
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., & Cormier, C. (1992). Evaluation of a maximum security therapeutic community for psychopaths and other mentally disordered offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 16, 399–412.
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., Lang, C., & Bell, V. (1990). Recidivism among male insanity acquitees. Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 18, 379–403.
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., & Quinsey, V. L. (1990). A followup of rapists assessed in a maximum-security psychiatric facility. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5, 435–448.
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., & Quinsey, V. L. (1993). Evaluating treatment programs for child molesters. In J. V. Roberts & J. Hudson (Eds.), Evaluating justice: Canadian policies and programs (pp. 189–204). Toronto: Thompson.
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., & Quinsey, V. L. (1994). Control in the psychiatric setting-adults. In M. Hersen, R. T. Ammerman, & L. A. Sisson (Eds.), Handbook of aggressive and destructive behavior in psychiatric patients (pp. 125–139). New York: Plenum.
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., Quinsey, V. L., & Cyr, M. (1990). Planning treatment programs in secure psychiatric facilities. In D. Weisstub (Ed.), Law and mental health: International perspectives (Vol. 5; pp. 162–230). New York: Pergamon.
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., Varney, G. W., & Quinsey, V. L. (1989). Violence in institutions: Understanding, prevention, and control. Toronto: Hans Huber.
Rice, M. E., Helzel, M. F., Varney, G. W., & Quinsey, V. L. (1985). Crisis prevention and intervention training for psychiatric hospital staff. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 289–304.
Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., & Harris, G. T. (1991). Sexual recidivism among child molesters released from a maximum security psychiatric institution. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 381–386.
Ross, R. R., & Fabiano, E. A. (1985). Time to think: A cognitive model of delinquency prevention and offender rehabilitation. Johnson City, TN: Institute of Social Science and Arts.
Ross, R. R., Fabiano, E. A., & Ewles, C. D. (1988). Reasoning and rehabilitation. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 32, 29–35.
Ross, R. R., & Lightfoot, L. O. (1985). Treatment of the alcohol-abusing offender. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
Rule, B. G., & Nesdale, A. R. (1976). Emotional arousal and aggressive behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 851–863.
Serin, R. C., Peters, R. DeV, & Barbaree, H. E. (1990). Predictors of psychopathy and release outcome in a criminal population. Psychological Assessment, 2, 419–422.
Shea, M. T., Widiger, T. A., & Klein, M. H. (1992). Comorbidity of personality disorders and depression: Implications for treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 857–868.
Siegel, J. M. (1985). The measurement of anger as a multidimensional construct. In M. A. Chesney & R. H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders (pp. 59–82). New York: Hemisphere.
Siegel, J. M. (1986). The Multidimensional Anger Inventory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 191–200.
Simon, R. I. (1987). Clinical psychiatry and the law. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Spielberger, C. D., Johnson, E. H., Russell, S. F., Crane, R. J., Jacobs, G. A., & Worden, T. J. (1985). The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In M. A. Chesney & R. H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders. New York: Hemisphere.
Spivak, G., Platt, J. J., & Shure, M. B. (1976). The problem-solving approach to adjustment: A guide to research and intervention. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Swanson, J., Holzer C., Ganju, V, & Jono, R. (1990). Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: Evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Surveys. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 41, 761–770.
Tardiff, K. (1992). The current state of psychiatry in the treatment of violent patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 493–499.
Virkkunen, M., & Linnoila, M. (1993). Serotonin in personality disorders with habitual violence and impulsivity. In S. Hodgins (Ed.), Mental disorder and crime (pp. 227–243). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Weiner, N. A., & Wolfgang, M. E. (1989). Pathways to criminal violence. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Wolfgang, M. E., Thornberry, T. P., & Figlio, R. M. (1987). From boy to man, from delinquency to crime. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wong, S. E., Slama, K. M., & Liberman, R. P. (1987). Behavioral analysis and therapy for aggressive psychiatric and developmentally handicapped patients. In L. H. Roth (Ed.), Clinical treatment of the violent person (pp. 20–53). New York: Guilford.
Woody, G. F., McLellan, A. T., Luborsky, L, & O’Brien, C. P. (1985). Sociopathy and psychotherapy outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 1081–1086.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E. (1994). The Violent Patient. In: Hersen, M., Ammerman, R.T. (eds) Handbook of Prescriptive Treatments for Adults. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1456-9_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1456-9_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1458-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1456-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive