Abstract
When we think of someone causing harm to another person, we usually think of that harm being delivered directly. Many of our experiences as either perpetrators or targets of aggression are likely to have involved direct confrontation; someone says something hurtful or rude to another person or someone hits or throws something at another person. However, much of the harm people experience in day-to-day life is likely to be delivered through some less direct, more circuitous route. In fact, there may be some contexts, such as the workplace (Baron & Neuman, 1996), in which nondirect aggression may be the preferred response to conflict.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baron, R. A., & Neuman, J. H. (1996). Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence on their relative frequency and potential causes. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 161–173.
Baron, R. A., & Richardson, D. R. (1994). Human aggression. New York: Plenum.
Baumeister, R & Leary, M. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 497-529
Bjsörkqvist, K. (1994). Sex differences in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression: A review of recent research. Sex Roles, 30, 177–188.
Bjsörkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 18, 117–127.
Bjsörkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992). The development of direct and indirect aggressive strategies in males and females. In K. Bjsörkqvist & P. Niemela (Eds.), Of mice and women: Aspects of female aggression. San Diego: Academic Press.
Bjsörkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Lagerspetz, K. (1994). Sex differences in covert aggression among adults. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 27–34.
Brodzinsky, D., Messer, S., & Tew, J. (1979). Sex differences in children’s expression and control of fantasy and overt aggression. Child Development, 50, 372–379.
Buss, A. H. (1961). The psychology of aggression. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Buss, A.H., & Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 22, 196–302.
Cairns, R., Cairns, B., Neckerman, H., Ferguson, L., & Gariépy, J. (1989). Growth and aggression: 1. Childhood to early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 25, 320–330.
Crick, N. (1995). Relational aggression: The role of intent attributions, feelings of distress, and provocation type. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 313–322.
Crick, N., & Dodge, K. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74–101.
Crick, N., & Grotpeter, J. (1995). Relational aggression, gender and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710–722.
Eskilson, A., & Wiley, M.G. (1976). Sex composition and leadership in small groups. Sociometry, 39, 183–194.
Feshbach, N. (1969). Sex differences in children’s modes of aggressive responses to outsiders. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 15, 249–258.
Green, L., & Richardson, D. (1995, July). Gender relates to direct, but not indirect, aggression. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Society, New York.
Green, L., Richardson, D., & Lago, T. (1996). How do friendship, indirect, and direct aggression relate? Aggressive Behavior, 22, 81–86.
Hines, N., & Fry, D. (1994). Indirect modes of aggression among women of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Sex Roles, 30, 215–236.
Kaukiainen, A., Bjsörkqvist, K., Österman, K., Lagerspetz, K., & Niskanen, L. (1994). Social intelligence and the use of indirect aggression. Paper presented at the 11th World Meeting of the International Society for Research on Aggression, Delray Beach, Florida.
Lagerspetz, K., & Bjsörkqvist, K. (1994). Indirect aggression in boys and girls. In L.R. Huesmann (Ed.), Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives (pp. 131–150). New York: Plenum.
Lagerspetz, K., Bjsörkqvist, K., & Peltonen, T. (1988). Is indirect aggression typical of females? Gender differences in aggressiveness in 11-to 12-year-old children. Aggressive Behavior, 14, 403–414.
Lancelotta, G., & Vaughn, S. (1989). Relation between types of aggression and sociometric status: Peer and teacher perceptions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 86–90.
Leaper, C., & Holliday, H. (1995). Gossip in same-gender and cross-gender friends’ conversations. Personal Relationships, 2, 237–246.
Österman, K., Bjsörkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K., Kaukiainen, Huesmann, L., & Fraczek, A. (1994). Peer and self-estimated aggression and victimization in 8-year-old children from five ethnic groups. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 411–428.
Richardson, D.R. (1996, May). The effects of gender and relationship on direct and indirect aggression. Paper presented at the annual Nags Head Conference, Highland Beach, Florida.
Spetter, D., La Greca, A., Hogan, A., & Vaughn, S. (1992). Subgroups of rejected boys: Aggressive responses to peer conflict situations. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21, 20–26.
Straus, M. A. (1979). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41, 75–88.
Thompson, H.L. & Richardson, D. (1983). The Rooster Effect: Same-sex rivalry and inequity as factors in retaliative aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 415–425.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Richardson, D.R., Green, L.R. (1997). Circuitous Harm. In: Kowalski, R.M. (eds) Aversive Interpersonal Behaviors. The Springer Series in Social/Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9354-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9354-3_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9356-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9354-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive