Abstract
Major efforts expended in recent decades toward developing a consequence-oriented, problem-based, clinically valid classification system have resulted in the inclusion of a large number of syndromes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), of the American Psychiatric Association (1994), or the generally comparable International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), which has been developed to succeed the 9th edition (ICD-9) published by the World Health Organization (1980). However, for many of these disorders, including substance-related disorders, there are relatively limited data on key dimensions that are necessary for validating their designation as distinct disorders.
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Kaminer, Y. (1994). Terminology and Classification. In: Adolescent Substance Abuse. Critical Issues in Psychiatry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9009-2_2
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