Abstract
About 50% of all patients presenting with dizziness, vertigo, or disequilibrium in a neurological dizziness unit will be suffering from one of the five following common syndromes (Table 2.1):
-
benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo,
-
phobic postural vertigo,
-
basilar migraine,
-
Menière’s disease, or
-
vestibular neuritis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andermann F, Cosgrove JBR, Lloyd-Smith D, Walters AM (1959) Paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia in multiple sclerosis. Neurology (Minneap) 9: 211–215.
Aschan G, Bergstedt M, Goldberg L, Laurell L (1956) Positional nystagmus in man during and after alcohol intoxication. J Stud Alcohol 17: 381–405.
Auramo Y, Juhola M, Pyykkö I (1993) An expert system for the computer-aided diagnosis of dizziness and vertigo. Med Inform 18: 293–305.
Baloh RW (1996) History. I. Patient with dizziness. In: Baloh RW, Halmagyi GM (eds) Disorders of the vestibular system. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 157–170.
Baloh RW, Jacobsen K, Honrubia V (1993) Horizontal semicircular canal variant of benign positional vertigo. Neurology 43: 2542–2549.
Barany R (1911) Experimentelle Alkoholintoxikation. Monatschr Ohrenheilk 45: 959–962.
Böhmer A, Straumann D, Fetter M (1997) Three-dimensional analysis of spontaneous nystagmus in peripheral vestibular lesions. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 106: 61–68.
Brandt Th (1997) Cortical matching of visual and vestibular 3D coordinate maps. Ann Neurol 42: 983–984.
Brandt T, Daroff RB (1980) The multisensory physiological and pathological vertigo syndromes. Ann Neurol 7: 195–203.
Brandt Th, Steddin S (1993) Current view of the mechanism of benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo: cupololithiasis or canalolithiasis? J Vestib Res 3: 373–382.
Brandt Th, Dieterich M (1994a) Vestibular paroxysmia. Neuroophthalmology 14: 359–369.
Brandt Th, Dieterich M (1994b) Vestibular paroxysmia: vascular compression of the eighth nerve? Lancet i: 798–799.
Brandt T, Strupp M (1997) Episodic ataxia type 1 and 2 ( Familial periodic ataxia/vertigo ). Audiol Neurootol 2: 373–383.
Brevern M von, Faldon ME, Brookes GB, Gresty MA (1997) Evaluating 3D semicircular canal function by perception of rotation. Am J Otol 18: 484–493.
Brunt ER, van Weerden TW (1990) Familial paroxysmal kinesi- genic ataxia and continuous myokymia. Brain 113: 1361–1382.
Bucher SF, Dieterich M, Wiesmann, M, Weiss A, Zink R, Yousry TA, Brandt T (1998) Cerebral functional MRI of vestibular, auditory and nociceptive areas during galvanic stimulation. Ann Neurol 44: 120–125.
Büttner U, Straube A, Brandt Th (1987) Paroxysmal spontaneous nystagmus and vertigo evoked by lateral eye position. Neurology 37: 1553–1555.
Cox TA, Corbett JJ, Thompson HS, Lennarson L (1981) Upbeat nystagmus changing to downbeat nystagmus with convergence. Neurology 31: 801
Cremer PD, Halmagyi GM, Aw ST, Curthoys IS, McGarvie LA, Todd MJ, Black RA, Hannigau IP (1998) Semicircular canal plane head impulses detect absent function of individual semicircular canals. Brain 121: 699–716.
Deecke L, Mergner T, Plester D (1981) Tullio phenomenon with torsion of the eye and subjective tilt of the visual surround. Ann NY Acad Sci 374: 650–655.
Dieterich M, Brandt T, Fries W (1989) Otolith function in man: results from a case of otolith Tullio phenomenon. Brain 112: 1377–1392.
Espir MLE, Millac P (1970) Treatment of paroxysmal disorders in multiple sclerosis with carbamazepine ( Tegretol ). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 33: 528–531.
Fetter M, Haslwanter T, Misslich H, Tweed D (1997) Three-dimensional kinematics of eye, head and limb movements. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam.
Foerster O (1936) Sensible corticale Felder. In: Bumke O, Foerster O (eds) Handbuch der Neurologie, Vol VI, Springer, Berlin, pp 358–448.
Fries W, Dieterich M, Brandt T (1993) Otolith contributions to postural control in man: short latency motor responses following sound stimulation in a case of otolith Tullio phenomenon. Gait & Posture 1: 145–153.
Gresty MA, Bronstein AM, Brandt T, Dieterich M (1992) Neurology of otolith function. Peripheral and central disorders. Brain 115: 647–673.
Griggs RC, Nutt JG (1995) Episodic ataxias as channelopathies. Ann Neurol 37: 285–287.
Halmagyi GM, Curthoys IS (1988) A clinical sign of canal paresis. Arch Neurol 45: 737–739.
Haynes BF, Kaiser-Kupfer MI, Mason P, Franci AS (1980) Cogan syndrome: studies in 13 patients, long-term follow-up, and a review of the literature. Medicine 59: 426–441.
Hedges TR, Hoyt WF (1982) Ocular tilt reaction due to an upper brainstem lesion. Paroxysmal skew deviation, torsion, and oscillation of the eyes with head tilt. Ann Neurol 11: 537–540.
Honrubia V (1994) Quantative vestibular function tests and the clinical examination. In: Herdman SJ (ed) Vestibular rehabilitation. Davis, Philadelphia, pp 113–164.
Jannetta PJ, Moller MB, Moller AR (1984) Disabling positional vertigo. N Engl J Med 310: 1700–1705.
Jongkees LB, Maas JP, Philipszoon AJ (1962) Clinical nystagmography: a detailed study of electro-nystagmography in 341 patients with vertigo. Pract Otorhinolaryngol 24: 65–93.
Laicher S, Linzer M (1996) Syncope. In: Brandt Th, Caplan LR, Dichgans J, Diener H-C (eds) Neurological disorders. Course and treatment. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 1063–1067.
Leigh RJ, Zee DS (1991) The neurology of eye movements. Davis, Philadelphia.
Lueck CJ, Hamlyn P, Crawford TJ, Levy IS, Brindley ES, Watkins ES, Kennard C (1991) A case of ocular tilt reaction and torsional nystagmus due to direct stimulation of the midbrain in man. Brain 114: 2069–2079.
Mira E, Buizza A, Magenes G, Manfrin M, Schmid R (1990) Expert systems as a diagnostic aid in otoneurology. ORL 52: 96–103.
Moller MB, Moller AR, Jannetta PJ, Sekhar L (1986) Diagnosis and surgical treatment of disabling positional vertigo. J Neurosurg 64: 21–28.
Money KE, Myles WS, Hoffert BM (1974) The mechanism of positional alcohol nystagmus. Can J Otolaryngol 3: 302–313.
O’Connor KP, Hallam RS, Hinchcliffe R (1989) Evaluation of a computer interview system for use with neuro-otology patients. Clin Otolaryngol 14: 3–9.
Olivia A, Rosenberg ML (1990) Convergence-evoked nystagmus. Neurology 40: 161–162.
Osterman PO, Westerberg CE (1975) Paroxysmal attacks in multiple sclerosis. Brain 98: 189–202.
Penfield W, Jasper H (1954) Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the human brain. Little Brown, Boston.
Rabinovitch HE, Sharpe JA, Sylvester TO (1977) The ocular tilt reaction. A paroxysmal dyskinesia associated with elliptical nystagmus. Arch Opthalmol 95: 1395–1398.
Ropper HA (1983) Illusions of tilting of the vestibular environment: report of 5 cases. J Clin Neuroophthalmol 3:147–151. Schneider RC, Calhoun HD, Crosby EC (1968) Vertigo and rotational movement in cortical and subcortical lesions. J Neurol Sci 6: 493–516.
Sharpe JA, Hoyt WF, Rosenberg MA (1975) Convergence-evoked nystagmus. Congenital and acquired forms. Arch Neurol 32: 191.
Stodieck SRG, Brandt Th, Büttner U (1990) Visual and vestibular epileptic seizures. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 75: 65–66.
Stolz SE, Chartrian G-E, Spence AM (1991) Epileptic nystagmus. Epilepsia 32: 910–918.
Straumann D, Zee DS (1995) Three-dimensional aspects of eye movements. Curr Opin Neurol 8: 69–71.
Tiliket L, Ventre-Dominey J, Vighetto A, Grochowicki M (1996) Room tilt illusion: a central otolith dysfunction. Arch Neurol 53: 1259–1264.
Tullio P (1929) Das Ohr und die Entstehung der Sprache und Schrift. Urban and Schwarzenberg, Munich.
Tusa RJ, Kaplan PW, Hain TC, Naidu S (1990) Ipsiversive eye deviation and epileptic nystagmus. Neurology 40: 662–665.
Zee DS (1978) Ophthalmoscopy in examination of patients with vestibular disorders. Ann Neurol 3: 373–374.
Zink R, Steddin S, Weiss A, Brandt Th, Dieterich M (1997) Galvanic stimulation in humans: effects on otolith function in roll. Neurosci Lett 232: 171–174.
Zink R, Bucher SF, Weiss A, Brandt Th, Dieterich M (1998) Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation on otolithic and semicircular canal eye movements and perceived vertical. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 107: 200–205.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brandt, T. (2003). Approaching the patient. In: Vertigo. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3801-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3801-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-40500-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3801-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive