Abstract
Morphological characteristics of the nose are aids which have been used to differentiate between the strepsirhines and haplorhines and also between the catarrhines and platyrrhines. However, application of characteristics of a second sense organ, the eye, to primate classification does not seem to have occurred. In part, this may be due to the minute fund of comparative data that presently exists. The lens is the simplest ocular organ. It varies greatly between species regarding gross characteristics such as color, shape and size. The variation in size is in both actual values and relative values as a proportion of the body mass. Of the many tissues and organs which make up the primate eye, the clear ocular lens has perhaps been the most charismatic, its fibrillar structure even serving as a subject for Leeuwen-hoek’s microscopic studies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bergad, P.L., Rathbun, W.B. & Linder, W. (1982). Glutathione peroxidase from bovine lens: a selenoenzyme. Experimental Eye Research, 34, 31–144.
Castenholtz, A. (1984). The eye of tarsius. In “Biology of Tarsiers”, (Niemitz, C., ed.), Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, New York.
Gander, J.E., Sethna, S.S. & Rathbun, W.B. (1983). Bovine lens γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase: inhibition by glutathione and adenine nucleotides. European Journal of Biochemistry, 133, 635–640.
Holleschau, A.M. & Rathbun, W.B. (1991). Thermal inactivation study of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in lenses of primates and non-primates. Current Eye Research, 10, 221–229.
Holleschau, A.M. & Rathbun, W.B. (1994). The effects of age on glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in lenses of Old World simians and prosimians. Current Eye Research, in press.
Martin, R.D. (1990). “Primate Origins and Evolution: a Phylogenetic Reconstruction”, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
Northrop, J.H. & Kunitz, M. (1933). Isolation and properties of crystalline pepsin. Ergebn. Enzymforsch, 2, 104–117.
Ohrloff, C. (1978). Age changes of enzyme properties in crystalline lens. Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology, 12, 158–179.
Pirie, A. (1965a). A light-catalyzed reaction in the aqueous humour of the eye. Nature, 205, 500–501.
Pirie, A. (1965b). Glutathione peroxidase in lens and a source of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous humour. Biochemical Journal, 96, 244–253.
Rathbun, W.B. (1986a). Glutathione synthesis in evolution: an Achilles’ heel of human and other Old World simian lenses. Ophthalmic Research, 18, 236–242.
Rathbun, W.B. (1986b). Activity of glutathione synthesis enzymes in the rhesus monkey lens related to age: a model for the human lens. Current Eye Research, 5, 161–166.
Rathbun, W.B. & Bovis, M.G. (1986). Activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the human lens related to age. Current Eye Research, 5, 381–385.
Rathbun, W.B., Bovis, M.G. & Holleschau, A.M. (1986a). Species survey of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase: search for an animal model of the human lens. Ophthalmic Research, 18, 282–287.
Rathbun, W.B., Bovis, M.G. & Holleschau, A.M. (1986b). Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in the rhesus monkey lens as a function of age. Current Eye Research, 5, 195–199.
Rathbun, W.B. & Holleschau, A.M. (1992). The effects of age on glutathione synthesis enzymes in lenses of Old World simians and prosimians. Current Eye Research, 11, 601–607.
Rathbun, W.B., Holleschau, A.M. & Alterman, L. (1994). Glutathione metabolism in primate lenses: a phylogenetic study of glutathione synthesis and glutathione redox cycle enzyme activities. American Journal of Primatology, 33, 101–120.
Rathbun, W.B., Kuck, J.F.R. & Kuck, K.D. (1986c). Glutathione metabolism in lenses of Emory and cataract-resistant mice: activity of five enzymes. Current Eye Research, 5, 189–194.
Rathbun, W.B., Sethna, S.S, Skelnik, D.L. & Bistner, S.I. (1983). Glutathione metabolism in lenses of dogs and rabbits: activities of five enzymes. Experimental Eye Research, 36, 845–858.
Rathbun, W.B., Sethna, S.S. & Van Buskirk, G.E. (1977). Purification and properties of glutathione synthetase from bovine lens. Experimental Eye Research, 24, 145–158.
Rathbun, W.B., Schmidt, A.J. & Holleschau, A.M. (1993). Activity loss of glutathione synthesis enzymes associated with human subcapsular cataract. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 34, 2049–2054.
Rathbun, W.B. & Wicker, K. (1973). Bovine lens γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Experimental Eye Research, 15, 161–171.
Sethna, S.S., Holleschau, A.M. & Rathbun, W.B. (1982/1983). Activity of glutathione synthesis enzymes in human lens related to age. Current Eye Research, 2, 735–742.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rathbun, W.B. (1995). Phylogenetic Studies of Glutathione-Metabolizing Enzymes in Primate Lenses. In: Alterman, L., Doyle, G.A., Izard, M.K. (eds) Creatures of the Dark. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2405-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2405-9_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3250-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2405-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive