Abstract
Both myocardial and skeletal muscle cells are striated. Their ultrastructures are similar. Each cell is made up of sarcomeres (from Z line to Z line), containing interdigitating thick myosin filaments and thin actin filaments. The basic mechanism of contraction must be similar in both; but important differences exist.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abbott, B. C. and Mommaerts, W. F. H. M. (1959) Study of inotropic mechanisms in the papillary muscle preparation. J. Gen. Physiol. 42, 533–551.
Allen, D. G. (1985) The cellular basis of the length-tension relaton in cardiac muscle. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 17, 821–840.
Berne, R. M. and Levy, M. N. (1972) Cardiovascular Physiology, 2nd edition. C. V. Mosby, St. Louis.
Bogen, D. K. (1987) Strain-energy descriptions of biological swelling. I: Single Fluid Compartment Models; II: Multiple Fluid Compartment Models. J. Biomech. Eng. 109, 252–262.
Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso (1680) De Motu Animalium, first half published posthumously in 1680, second half published in 1681. Translated by Paul Maquet under the title of On The Movement of Animals. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1989).
Bornhorst, W. J. and Mirandi, J. E. (1969) Comparison of Caplan’s irreversible thermodynamics theory of muscle contraction with chemical data. Biophys. J. 9, 654–665.
Brady, A. J. (1965) Time and displacement dependence of cardiac contractility: Problems in defining the active state and force-velocity relations. Fed. Proc. 24, 1410 1420.
Brady, A. (1979) Mechanical properties of cardiac fibers. In Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 2, The Circulation System, Vol. 1: The Heart. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD, Chap. 12, pp. 461–474.
Brutsaert, D. I. and Sonnenblick, E. H. (1969) Force-velocity-length-time relations of the contractile elements in heart muscle of the cat. Circulation Res. 24, 137–149.
Brutsaert, D. L., Victor, A. C., and Ponders, J. H. (1972) Effect of controlling the velocity of shortening on force-velocity-length and time relations in cat papillary muscle velocity clamping. Circulation Res. 30, 310–315.
Caulfield, J. B. and Borg, T. K. (1979) The collagen network of the heart. Lab. Invest. 40, 364–372.
Daniels, M., Noble, M., ter Keurs, H., and Wohlfart, B. (1984) Velocity of sarcomere shortening in rat cardiac muscle: Relationship to force, saromere length, calcium, and time. J. Physiol. 355, 367–381.
Edman, K. A. P. and M. Johannsson (1976) The contractile state of rabbit papillary muscle in relation to stimulation frequency. J. Physiol. 245, 565–581.
Edman, K. A. P. and Nilsson, E. (1968) The mechanical properties of myocardial contraction studied at a constant length of the contractile element. Acta Physiol. Scand. 72, 205–219.
Edman, K. A. P. and Nilsson, E. (1972) Relationships between force and velocity of shortening in rabbit papillary muscle. Acta Physiol. Scand. 85, 488–500.
Ford, L. E., Huxley, A. F., and Simmons, R. M. (1981) The relation between stiffness and filament overlap in stimulated frog muscle fibers. J. Physiol. 311, 219–249.
Frank, J. S. and Langer, G. A. (1974) The myocardial interstitium: Its structure and its role in ionic exchange. J. Cell Biol. 60, 596–601.
Fung, Y. C. (1970) Mathematical representation of the mechanical properties of the heart muscle. J. Biomech. 3, 381–404.
Fung, Y. C. (1971a) Comparison of different models of the heart muscle. J. Biomech. 4, 289–295.
Fung, Y. C. (1971b) Muscle controlled flow. In Proc. 12th Midwest Mechanics Conf. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN, pp. 33–62.
Fung, Y. C. (1972) Stress—strain-history relations of soft tissues in simple elongation. In Biomechanics, Its Foundations and Objectives, Y. C. Fung, N. Perrone, and M. Anliker (eds.) Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 191–208.
Gay, W. A. and Johnson, E. A. (1967) Anatomical evaluation of the myocardial length-tension diagram. Circulation Res. 21, 33–43.
Glass, L. Hunter, P., and McCulloch, A. (eds.) (1991) Theory of Heart. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Green, A. E. and Adkins, J. E. (1960) Large Elastic Deformations. Oxford University Press, London.
Guccione, J. M. and McCulloch, A. (1991) Finite element modeling of ventricular mechanics. In Theory of Heart, Glass et al. (eds.) pp. 121–144.
Guccione, J. M., McCulloch, A. D., and Waldman, L. K. (1991) Passive material properties of intact ventricular myocardium determined from a cylindrical model. J. Biomech. Eng. 113, 42–55.
Hefner, L. L. and Bowen, T. E., Jr. (1967) Elastic components of cat papillary muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 212, 1221–1227.
Hill, A. V. (1949) The abrupt transition from rest to activity in muscle. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 136, 399–420.
Horowitz, A., Lanir, Y., Yin, F. C. P., Perl, M., Sheinman, I., and Strumpf, R. K. (1988) Structural three-dimensional constitutive law for the passive myocardium. J. Biomech. Eng. 110, 200–207.
Hort, W. (1960) Makroskopische and mikrometrische Untersuchungen am Myodard verschieden stark gefüllter linker Kammern. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat.] 333, 523–564.
Huisman, R. M., Sipkema, P., Westerhof, N., and Elzinga, G. (1980) Comparison of model used to calculate left ventricle wall force. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 18, 122–144.
Humphrey, J. D. and Yin, F. C. P. (1988) Biaxial mechanical behavior of excised epicardium. J. Biomech. Eng. 110, 349–351.
Humphrey, J. D., Strumpf, R. H., and Yin, F. C. P. (1990) Determination of a constitutive relation for passive myocardium. I. A nero-functional form, II. Parameter identification. J. Biomech. Eng. 112, 333–339, 340–346.
Humphrey, J. Strumpf, R. Halperin, H. and Yin, F. (1991) Toward a stress analysis in the heart. In Theory of Heart,Glass et al. (eds.) Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 59–75.
Huntsman, L. L., Rondinone, J. F., and Martyn, D. A. (1983) Force-length relations in cardiac muscle segments. Am. J. Physiol. 244, H701 — H707.
Huxley, H. E. (1957) The double array of filaments in cross-striated muscle. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 3, 631–648.
Huxley, H. E. (1963) Electron microscope studies on the structure of natural and synthetic protein filaments from striated muscle. J. Mol. Biol. 7, 281–308.
Huxley, H. E. (1969) The mechanism of muscular contraction. Science 164, 1356–1366.
Jewell, B. R. (1977) A reexamination of the influence of muscle length on myocardial performance. Circulation Res. 40, 221–230.
Korecky, B. and Rakusan, K. (1983) Effects of hemodynamic load on myocardial fiber orientation. In Cardiac Adaptation to Hemodynamic Overload, Training, and Stress, International Erwin Riesch Symp., Tübingen, September 19–22, 1982, Dr. S. Steinkopff Verlag.
Kreuger, J. W. and Pollack, G. H. (1975) Myocardiac sarcomere dynamics during isometric contraction. J. Physiol. (London) 251, 627–643.
Lanir, Y. (1983) Constitutive equatons for fibrous connective tissue. J. Biomech. 16, 1–12.
Lee, M.-C., LeWinter, M. M., Freeman, G., Shabetai, R., and Fung, Y. C. (1985) Biaxial mechanical properties of the pericardium in normal and volume overload dogs. Am. J. Physiol. 249, H222 — H230.
Martyn, D. A., Rondinone, J. F., and Huntsman, L. L. (1983) Myocardial segment velocity at a low load: Time, length, and calcium dependence. Am. J. Physiol. 244, H708 — H714.
McCulloch, A. D., Smail, B. H., and Hunter, P. J. (1989) Regional left ventricular epicardial deformation in the passive dog heart. Circulation Res. 64, 721–733.
Nevo, E. and Lanir, Y. (1989) Structural finite deformation model of the left ventricle during diastole and systole. J. Biomech. Eng. 111, 343–349.
Noble, M. I. M., Bowen, T. E., and Hefner, L. L. (1969) Force-velocity relationship of cat cardiac muscle, studied by isotonic and quick-release techniques. Circulation Res. 24, 821–834.
Parmely, W. W. and Sonnenblick, E. H. (1967) Series elasticity in heart muscle; its relation to contractile element velocity and proposed muscle models. Ciruclation Res. 20, 112–123.
Parmley, W. W., Brutsaert, D. L., and Sonnenblick, E. H. (1969) Effects of altered loading on contractile events in isolated cat papillary muscle. Circulation Res. 24, 521–532.
Patterson, S. W., Piper, H., and Starling, E. H. (1914) The regulation of the heart beat. J. Physiol. 48, 465–513.
Peachey, L. D. (1965) The sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubles of the frog sartorius. J. Cell Biol. 25, 209–231.
Pietrabissa, R., Montevecchi, F. M., and Fumero, R. (1991) Mechanical characterization of a model of a multicomponent cardiac fibre. J. Biomed. Eng. 13, 407–414.
Pinto, J. G. and Fung, Y. C. (1973) Mechanical properties of the heart muscle in the passive state. J. Biomech. 6 596–616.
Pinto, J. G. and Fung, Y. C. (1973) Mechanical properties of stimulated papillary muscle in quick-release experiments. J. Biomech. 6 617–630.
Pinto, J. G. and Patitucci, P. (1977) Creep in cardiac muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 232, H553 — H563.
Pinto, J. G. (1987) A constitutive description of contracting papillary muscle and its implications to the dynamics of the intact heart. J. Biomech. Eng. 109, 181–191.
Pinto, J. G. and Boe, A. (1991) A method to characterize the passive elasticity incontracting muscle bundles. J. Biomech. Eng. 113, 72–78.
Pollack, G. H., Huntsman, L. L., and Verdugo, P. (1972) Circulation Res. 31, 569–579.
Robinson, T. F. (1983) The physiological relationship between connective tissue and contractile elements in heart muscle. The Einstein Q. 1, 121–127.
Robinson, T. F., Cohen-Gould, L., and Factor, S. M. (1983) Skeletal framework of mammalian heart muscle. Lab. Invest. 49, 482–498.
Ross, Jr., J., Covell, J. W., Sonnenblick, E. H., and Braunwald, E. (1966) Contractile state of the heart. Circulation Res. 18, 149–163.
Schmid-Schönbein, G. W., Skalak, R. C., Engelson, E. T., and Zweifach, B. W. (1986) Microvascular network anatomy in rat skeletal muscle. In Microvascular Network: Experimental and Theoretical Studies, A. S. Popel and P. C. Johnson (eds.) Karger, Basel, pp. 38–51.
Schmid-Schönbein, G. W., Skalak, T. C., and Sutton, D. W. (1989) Bioengineering analysis of blood flow in resting skeletal muscle. In Microvascular Mechanics, J.-S. Lee and T. C. Skalak (eds.) Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 65–99.
Sommer, J. R. and Johnson, E. A. (1979) Ultrastructure of cardiac muscle. In Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 2, The Cardiovascular System, Vol. 1: The Heart. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD, Chap. 5, pp. 113–186.
Sonnenblick, E. H. (1964) Series elastic and contractile elements in heart muscle: Changes in muscle length. Am. J. Physiol. 207, 1330–1338.
Sonnenblick, E. H., Ross, J. Jr., Covell, J. W., Spotnitz, H. M., and Spiro, D. (1967) Ultrastructure of the heart in systole and diastole: Changes in sarcomere length. Circulation Res. 21, 423–431.
Taber, L. A. (1991) On a nonlinear theory for muscle shells: Part I: Theoretical Development. Part II: Applicaton to the Beating Left Ventricle. J. Biomech. Eng. 113, 56–62.
Ter Keurs, H. E. D. J., Rijnsburger, W. H., van Heuningen, R., and Nagelsmit, M. (1980) Tension development and sarcomere length in rat cardiac trabecular. Circulation Res. 46, 703–714.
Ter Keurs, H. E. D. J., and Tyberg, J. V. (eds.) (1987) Mechanics of the Circulation, Martininus Nijhoff, Pub.
Waldman, L. K. (1991) Multidimensional measurement of regional strains in the intact heart. In Theory of Heart, Glass et al. (eds.) Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 145–174.
Waldman, L. K., Fung, Y. C., and Covell, J. W. (1985) Transmural myocardial deformation in the canine left ventricle: Normal in vivo three-dimensional finite strains. Circulation Res. 57, 152–163.
Waldman, L. K., Nosan, D., Villarreal, F. J., and Covell, J. W. (1988) Relation between transmural deformaton and local myofiber direction in canine left ventricle. Circulation Res. 63, 550–652.
Warwick, R. and Williams, P. L. (eds.) Gray’s Anatomy. 35th British Edition. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
Whalen, W. J., Nair, P., and Ganfield, R. A. (1973) Measurements of oxygen tension in tissues with a micro oxygen electrode. Microvasc. Res. 5, 254–262.
Yin, F. C. P. (1981) Ventricular wall stress. Circulation Res. 49, 829–842.
Yin, F. C. P., Strumpf, R. K., Chew, P. H., and Zeger, S. L. (1987) Quantification of the mechanical properties of noncontracting canine myocardium under simultaneous biaxial loading. J. Biomech. 20, 577–589.
Zahalak, G. I. (1986) A comparison of the mechanical behavior of the cat coleus muscle with a distribution-moment model. J. Biomech. Eng. 108, 131–140.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fung, YC. (1993). Heart Muscle. In: Biomechanics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2257-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2257-4_10
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3104-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2257-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive