Abstract
This paper summarizes selected technology methods and needs in system design. Three major subject areas are discussed: (1) Background on methods evolution and effectiveness is summarized to illustrate methods and needs. (2) The applied environment and its demands are described, including the system development process with activities, man-machine interface tradeoffs, a workload method that is used, and questions the analyst must resolve on a timely basis. More extensive information on a working approach is presented — including the needs, some of the methods, and some of the constraints for presently developing electronic systems. (2) Near term technology challenges are identified for developing computerized, electronic display and control systems. This latter section emphasizes concern with increasing utility of analytic models to develop or evaluate a proliferation of highly flexible display-control-information processing systems. Overall, selected design methods and questions are presented as a framework to which theorists might relate their current state-of-art and provide techniques for present design use.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Bibliography
Brown, A., Bearse, A., et al. Model 747 Task/Training Analysis; Boeing Document D6–30130, August, 1968.
Cavalli, D. Discrete Time Modelling of Heavy Transport Pilot Behavior; The Thirteenth Annual Conference on Manual Control, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 15–17, 1977.
Geer, C.W. Analyst’s Guide for the Analysis Sections of MIL–H–46855; Boeing Document D180–19476–1, Prepared for the Naval Air Development Center, Johnsville, Contract N62269–75–C–0271, 30 June 1976.
Geer, C.W. Navy Managers Guide for the Analysis Sections of MIL–H–46855; Boeing Document D180–19476–2, Prepared for the Naval Air Development Center, Johnsville, Contract N62269–75–C–0271, June 30, 1976.
Geer, C.W. Technical Proposal: Survey/Analysis of Operator Workload Measurement; Boeing Document D296–10011–1, April 1977.
Dunn, R. Flight Displays for the Next Generation Aircraft; SAE Paper 760930, Aerospace Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting, San Diego, Nov. 29-Dec. 2, 1976.
Gerathewohl, S.J. Panel: Inflight Measurement of Pilot Workload; Panelists E.L. Brown, Douglas Aircraft Co., J.E. Burke, Vought Corporation, K.A. Kimball, USAMRL, S.P. Stackhouse, Honeywell, Inc. and W. Long, Bell Helicopter Co., Aerospace Medical Association Annual Scientific Meeting, Las Vegas, 1977.
Goerres, Hans-Peter. Subjective Stress Assessment - A New Simple Method to Determine Pilot Workload; Aerospace Medical Association Annual Scientific Meeting, Las Vegas, 1977.
Jahns, D.W. A Concept of Operator Workload in Manual Vehicle Operations. Forschungsberich Nr. 14, Fortschungsinstitute fur Anthropotechnik, 5309, Meckenhime, December 1973.
Jahns, D.W. Operator Workload: What Is It and How Should I Be Measured? In Crew Systems Design, Cross, K.D., and McGrath, J.J. Eds., Anacapa Sciences, Inc., Santa Barbara, Ca., 1973.
Johnston, D.M. and Hickey, L.F. Procedures for Optimizing Man’s Role in Systems. Boeing Document D3–3458, 12 May, 1961.
Kaake, W.D. 747 Crew Workload Study; Boeing Document D630478–4, June 1969.
Lancaster, W.W. and Hickey, L.F. B52-H Electronic Warfare Officer Effectiveness–Human Factors Analyses. D3–32543, 1961.
Lancaster, W.W. and Hickey, L.F. Improvement Study - Tactical Aircraft Command and Control; Boeing Document D6–9631, May, 1964.
Flight Deck Certification Data; Boeing Document D6–3048–1, July, 1969.
Linton, P.M., Jahns, D.W. and Chatelier, P.R. Operator Workload Assessment Model: An Evolution of a VF/VA-V/STOL System; AGARD-CPP-216, Aerospace Medical Panel Specialist Meeting, Koln, Germany, 18–22 April 1977.
Miller, K.M. Timeline Analysis Program (TLA–1), Final Report; Boeing Document D6–42377–5, Prepared for National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center (NASA–CR–144942) April, 1976.
Parks, D.L. Instrument Integration - A Preliminary Literature Review and an Analysis; Boeing Document D31820, November, 1959.
Parks, D.L., Stern, P.H. and Niwa, J.S. Crew Number Study: Supporting Documentation for “Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft, Crew Factors Study, Volume III – Task Allocation Report”; Bóeing Document D6–16224–3, Prepared for U.S. Air Force Systems Command, Contract AF33(657)–15339, October, 1965.
Parks, D.L., Hayashi, M.M., and Fries, J.R. “Development of an Independent Altitude Monitor Concept”; FAA-RD-73–168, Systems Research and Development Service, FAA, DOT, September, 1973.
Parks, D.L. and Springer, W.E. Human Factors Engineering Analytic Process Definition and Criterion Development for CAFES; Boeing Document D180–18750–1, Prepared for Naval Air Development Center, Contract N62269–74–C–0693, June 1975.
Roscoe, A.H. Stress, Responsibility and Workload; Aerospace Medical Association Annual Scientific Meeting, Las Vegas, 1977.
Sheridan, T.B., G. ed. Monitoring Behavior and Supervisory Control; Published in coordination with NATO Scientific Affairs Division, Plenum Press, New York and London, 1976.
Siegel, A.I. and Wolf, J.J. Techniques for Evaluating Operator Loading in Man-Machine Systems; Applied Psychological Services, 1961.
Smith, W.D. Digital Multi-Function Switching Control and Display for Transport Aircraft; NAECON 77, Presented at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, June 1975.
The Boeing Company; AMPSS Interim Summary Report (Volume II); Boeing Document D6–8600, 1963.
The Boeing Company; Cockpit System Requirements Development for AMPSS; Boeing Document D6–2136, 1964.
The Boeing Company; Functional Flow Diagrams - AMSA; Boeing Document D6–17883, October, 1965.
Whitley, L.C., and Vaughn-, R.R. Man-Machine Stochastic Simulator TEN-078, MMSS Volume I; Boeing Document D629184-TN-1, April, 1968.
Whitley, L.C. and Vaughn, R.R. Man-Machine Stochastic Simulator TEN-078, MMSS Volume II; Boeing Document D629184-TN-II, April, 1968.
Whitmore, D.C. and Parks, D.L. Computer Aided Function–Allocation Evaluation System (CAFES), Phase IV, Final Report; Boeing Document D180–18433–1, –29, Prepared for Naval Air Development Center, Johnsville, (Contract N62269–74–C–0274), December, 1974.
U.S. Military Specification MIL-H-46855A; Human Engineering Requirements for Military Systems, Equipment and Facilities; 2 May 1972.
U.S. Military Standard MIL-STD-1472B; Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military Systems, Equipment and Facilities; 31 December 1974.
VanCott, H.P. and Altman, J.W. Procedures for Including Human Engineering Factors in the Development of Weapon Systems; American Institute for Research; WADC TR 56–488, AD 97305, October 1956.
Woodson, W.E. and Conover, D.W. Human Engineering Guide for Equipment Designers; Second Edition, University of California Press, Berkeley/Los Angeles, or Cambridge University Press, London, 1964.
Zipoy, D.R., Premselaar, S.J. et al. Integrated Information Presentation and Control System Study; Boeing Technical Report AFFDL-TR-70–79, Volume I, Prepared for Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 1970.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1979 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Parks, D.L. (1979). Current Workload Methods and Emerging Challenges. In: Moray, N. (eds) Mental Workload. NATO Conference Series, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0884-4_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0884-4_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0886-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0884-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive