Abstract
A variety of physical separation techniques has been applied to the study of trace element speciation in natural waters (or has at least been reported to be potentially useful for this kind of work). The techniques of concern separate particulates and/or dissolved species according to size, specific gravity or charge. Since methods based on size separation are by far the most commonly used, this presentation concentrates on such methods. Those separations based on electric charge will be mentioned only to the extent that they do not involve chemical reactions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beneš, P., 1980, Semicontinuous monitoring of truly dissolved forms of trace elements in streams using dialysis in situ - I. Principle and conditions, Water Res., 14: 511.
Beneš, P., Gjessing, E.T., and Steinnes, E., 1976, Interactions between humus and trace elements in fresh water, Water Res., 10: 711.
Beneš, P., and Glos, J., 1979, Radiotracer analysis of the physicochemical state of trace elements in aqueous solutions - II. Electromigration method, J. Radioanal. Chem., 52: 43.
Beneš, P., and Majer, V., 1980, “Trace Chemistry of Aqueous Solutions”, Academia, Prague.
Beneš, P., and Steinnes, E., 1974, In situ dialysis for the determination of the state of trace elements in natural waters, Water Res., 8: 947.
Beneš, P., and Steinnes, E., 1975, Migration forms of trace elements in natural fresh waters and the effect of the water storage, Water Res., 9: 741.
Beneš, P., and Steinnes, E., 1976, On the use of radionuclides in the study of behaviour and physico-chemical state of trace elements in natural waters, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 4: 263.
Florence, T.M., and Batley, G.E., 1977, Determination of the chemical forms of trace metals in natural waters, with special reference to copper, lead, cadmium and zinc, Talanta, 24: 151.
Gardner, M.J., and Hunt, D.T.E., 1981, Adsorption of trace metals during filtration of potable water samples with particular reference to the determination of filterable lead concentration, Analyst, Lond., 106: 471.
Gjessing, E.T., 1976, “Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Aquatic Humus”, Ann Arbor Science Publ., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Guy, R.D., and Chakrabarti, C.L., 1976, Studies of metal-organic interactions in model systems pertaining to natural waters, Can. J. Chem., 54: 2600.
Guy, R.D., and Chakrabart,C.L., 1977, Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer as a detector in speciation of trace metals, in: “Environmental Analysis”, G.W. Ewing, ed., Academic Press, New York.
Hart, B.T., and Davies, S.H.R., 1978, A study of the physico-chemical forms of trace metals in natural waters and waste waters, Australian Water Resources Council, Technical Paper No. 35.
Hoffmann, M.R., Yost, E.C., Eisenreich, S.J., and Maier, W.J., 1981, Characterization of soluble and colloidal-phase metal complexes in river water by ultrafiltration. A mass-balance approach, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15: 655.
Lammers, W.T., 1967, Separation of suspended and colloidal particles from water, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1: 52.
Laxen, D.P., and Harrison, R.M., 1981, A scheme for the physicochemical speciation of trace metals in freshwater samples, Sci. Total Environm., 19: 59.
Rona, E., Hood, D.W., Muse, L., and Buglio, B., 1962, Activation analysis of manganese and zinc in sea water, Limnol. Oceanogr., 7: 201.
Salbu, B., 1981, New trends in analysis of ground water, Mikrochim. Acta (Wien) II, p. 351.
Salim, R., and Cooksey, B.G., 1979, The analysis of river water for metal ions (lead, cadmium and copper) both in solution and adsorbed on suspended particles, J. Electroanal. Chem., 105: 127.
Stumm, W., and Bilinsky, H., 1973, Trace metals in natural waters; difficulties of interpretation arising from our ignorance on their speciation, in: “Advances in Water Pollution Research - Jerusalem–1972”, S.H. Jenkins, ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Steinnes, E. (1983). Physical Separation Techniques in Trace Element Speciation Studies. In: Leppard, G.G. (eds) Trace Element Speciation in Surface Waters and Its Ecological Implications. NATO Conference Series, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8234-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8234-8_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8236-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8234-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive