Abstract
The principal purpose of this chapter is to lay out some of the major results and conclusions of a series of studies conducted by this investigator and his coworkers (principally Donaldson, Engstrom, and Mason) over the last few years. To comprehend these results and conclusions it is necessary to have some appreciation of the theory and assumptions on which the research has been based. These ideas are not major themes in the research and theory of mainstream cognitive developmental psychology. It is probably worthwhile, therefore, to sketch at the outset some features of the research that is to be reviewed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adam, J. Statistical bias in cross-sequential studies of aging. Experimental Aging Research, 1977, 3, 325–333.
Barbizet, J. Defect of memorizing of hippocampal-manillary origin: A review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1963, 26, 126–135.
Birren, J. E. Age changes in speed of behavior: Its central nature and physiological correlates. In A.T. Welford & J. E. Birren (Eds.), Behavior, aging and the nervous system. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1965.
Birren, J. E. Psychophysiology and speed of response. American Psychologist, 1974, 29, 808–815.
Botwinick, J., & Arenberg, D. Disparate time-spans in sequential studies of aging. Experimental Aging Research, 1976, 2, 55–66.
Botwinick, J. & Storandt, M. Memory, related functions and age. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1974.
Bousfield, A. K., & Bousfield, W. A. Measurement of clustering and of sequential constancies in repeated free recall. Psychological Reports, 1966, 19, 935–942.
Brierly, J. B. Cerebral hypoxia. In W. Blackwood & J. A. N. Corsellis (Eds.), Greenfield’s neuropathology. London: Arnold, 1976.
Brion, S. Korsakoff’s syndrome. Clinico-anatomical and physiopathological considerations. In G. A. Talland & N. Waugh (Eds.), The pathology of memory. New York: Academic Press, 1969.
Broadbent, D. E. The well ordered mind. American Educational Research Journal. 1966 3, 281–295.
Broadbent, D. E. & Heron, A. Effects of a subsidiary task of performance involving immediatememory in younger and older men. British Journal of Psychology, 1966, 53, 189–198.
Butters, N., & Cermak, L. Some analyses of amnesic syndromes in brain-damaged patients. The Hippocampus, 1975, 2, 377–409.
Cattell, R. B., & Horn, J. L. A cross-social check on the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence with discovery of new valid subtest designs. Journal of Educational Measurement, 1978, 15, 139–164.
Coceani, F., & Gloor, P. The distribution of the internal carotid circulation in the brain of the Macaque monkey (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1966, 128, 419.
Corsellis, J. A. N. Aging and the dementias, In W. Blackwood & J. A. N. Corsellis (Eds.), Greenfield’s neuropathology. London: Arnold, 1976.
Corsini, R. J. & Fassett K. K. Intelligence and aging. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1953, 83, 249–264.
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. Levels of processing: A framework for memory research, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1972, 11, 671–684.
Dawes, R. B. The robust beauty of improper linear models in decision making. American Psychologist, 1979, 34, 571–582.
Denney, N. W., & Lennon, M. L. Classification: A comparison of middle and old age. Developmental Psychology, 1972, 7, 210–213.
Dimond, S. J. Memory. In H. Goodglass (Ed.), Neuropsychology. Boston: Butterworth, 1980.
Drachman, D. A., & Arbit, J. Memory and the hippocampal complex. II. Is memory a multiple process? Archives of Neurology, 1966, 15, 52–61.
Fozard, J. L. The time for remembering. In L. W. Poon (Ed.), Aging in the 1980’s. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1980.
Glanzer, M., & Cunitz, A. R. Two storage mechanisms in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1966, 5, 341–360.
Hachinski, V. Relevance of cerebrovascular changes to mental function. Mechanisms of Aging and Development, 1980, 10, 1–11.
Hebb, D. O. The organization of behavior. New York: Wiley, 1949.
Horn, J. L. Equations representing combinations of components in scoring psychological variables. Acta Psychologies, 1963,21, 184–217.
Horn J. L. A rational and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 1965, 30, 179–185.
Horn, J. L. On the use of random variables in factor analysis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 1966, 19, 127–129.
Horn, J. L. On subjectivity in factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1967, 27, 811–820.
Horn, J. L. Integration of concepts of reliability and standard error of measurement. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1971, 31, 57–74.
Horn J. L. Psychometric studies of aging and intelligence. In S. Gershon & A. Raskin (Eds.), Aging: Genesis and treatment of psychologic disorders in the elderly (Vol. 2). New York: Raven, 1975.
Horn J. L. Human abilities: a review of research and theory in the early 1970s. Annual Review of Psychology, 1976, 27, 437–485.
Horn, J. L. Human ability systems. In P. B. Baltes (Ed.), Life-span development and behavior. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
Horn, J. L. Some correctable defects in research on intelligence. Intelligence, 1979, 3, 307–322.
Horn, J. L. Concepts of intellect in relation to learning and adult development. Intelligence, 1980, 4, 285–317.
Horn, J. L., & Cattell, R. B. Vehicles, ipsatization and the multiple method measurement of motivation. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1965, 19, 265–279.
Horn, J. L., & Donaldson, G. Faith is not enough: A response to the Baltes-Schaie claim that intelligence will not wane. American Psychologist, 1977, 32, 369–373.
Horn, J. L., & Donaldson, G. Cognitive development II: Adulthood development of human abilities. In O. G. Brim & J. Kagan (Eds.), Constancy and change in human development: A volume of review essays. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1980.
Horn J. L., Donaldson, G., & Engstrom, R. Apprehension, memory and fluid intelligence decline thrugh the “vital years” of adulthood. Research on Aging, 1981, 3, 33–84.
Horn, J. L., & Engstrom, R. O. A comparison of Cattell’s screen test and Bartlett’s test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1979, 14, 283–300.
Horn, J. L., & Knapp, J. R. On the subjective character of the empirical base of Guilford’s structure -of-intellect model. Psychological Bulletin, 1973, 80, 33–43.
Horn, J. L., & Knapp, J. R. Thirty wrongs do not make a right: A reply to Guilford. Psychological Bulletin, 1974, 81, 502–504.
Horn, J. L., & McArdle, J. Perspectives on mathematical/statistical model building (MASMOB) in research on aging. In L. W. Poon (Ed.), Aging in the 1980’s. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1980.
Horn, J. L., Wanberg, K. W., & Adams, G. Diagnosis of alcoholism. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 1974,35, 147–175.
Humphreys, L. G. Doing research the hard way: Substituting analysis of variance for a problem in correlational analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1978, 70, 873–876.
Hyden, H. RNA changes in brain cells during changes in behavior function. In G. B. Ansell & P. B. Bradley (Eds.), Macromolecules and behavior. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1973.
Jahro, L., Korsakoff-like amnesic syndrome in penetrating brain injury: A study of Finnish war veterans. Acta Neurologica Scandinavia (Supplement), 1973, 54, 3–156.
Kelley, H. P. Memory ability: A factor analysis. Psychometric Monographs, 11. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.
Kintsch, W. Learning, memory, and conceptual processes. New York: Wiley, 1970.
Kintsch, W. The representation of meaning in memory. New York: Wiley, 1974.
Mandler, G. Organization and memory. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spence (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (vol. 1). New York: Academic Press, 1967.
Massaro, D. W. Experimental psychology and information processing. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1975.
Mednick, S. A. The associative basis of the creative process. Psychological Review, 1962, 69, 220–232.
Miller, G. A. The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 1956, 63, 81–97.
Murdock, B. B. The immediate retention of unrelated words. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1960, 60, 222–234.
Newcombe, F. Memory for designs task: The performance of ex-servicemen with missile wounds of the brain. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1965, 4, 230–231.
Norman, D. A. Research consideration in the assessment of the (impaired) elderly. Conference on Cognition and Aging. Battale Research Center, Seattle, Washington, February 1977.
Rabbitt, P. M. A., An age-decrement in the ability to ignore irrelevant information. Journal of Gerontology, 1965, 20, 233–283.
Reese, H. W. Imagery and associative memory. In R. V. Kail & J. W. Hagen (Eds.), Perspectives on the development of memory and cognition. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1977.
Schonfield, D. Theoretical nuances and practical old questions: The psychology of aging. Canadian Psychologist, 1972, 13, 252–266.
Schonfield, D. Translations in gerontology—from lab to life: Utilizing information. American Psychologist, 1974, 29, 796–801.
Schonfield, D., & Robertson, E. A. Memory storage and aging. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1960, 20, 228–236.
Scoville, W., & Milner, B. Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1957, 20, 11.
Sharrer, E. Vascularization and vulnerability of the cornu arrmonis in the opposum. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1940, 44, 483.
Sperling, G. The information available in brief visual presentation. Psychological Monographs, 1960, 74, No. 11.
Stankov, L., & Horn J. L. Human abilities revealed through auditory tests. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1980, 72, 21–44.
Stankov, L., Horn, J. L., & Roy, T. On the relationship between Gf/Gc theory and Jensen’s Level 1/Level II Theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1980, 72, 796–809.
Sternberg, R. J. Isolating the components of intelligence. Intelligence, 1978, 2, 117–128.
Sternberg, S. High-speed scanning in human memory. Science, 1966, 153, 652–654.
Sweet, W. H., Talland, G. A., & Ervin, F. R. Loss of recent memory following section of fornix. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 1959, 84, 76–79.
Thurstone, L. L., & Thurstone, T. G. Factorial studies of intelligence Psychometric Monographs, 1941, No. 2.
Tulving, E. Subjective organization in free recall of “unrelated” words. Psychological Review, 1962, 69, 344–354.
Turner, E. Hippocampus and memory. Lancet, 1969, 2, 1123–1126.
Wackwitz, J. H., & Horn, J. L. On obtaining the best estimates of factor scores. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1971, 6, 389–408.
Welford, A. T. Aging and human skills. London: Oxford University Press, 1958.
Wohlwill, J. F. Methodology and research strategy in the study of developmental change. L. R. Goulet & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), In Life-span developmental psychology. New York: Academic Press, 1970.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Horn, J.L. (1982). The Theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence in Relation to Concepts of Cognitive Psychology and Aging in Adulthood. In: Craik, F.I.M., Trehub, S. (eds) Aging and Cognitive Processes. Advances in the Study of Communication and Affect, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4178-9_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4178-9_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4180-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4178-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive