Abstract
Although the linguistic and psycholinguistic theories of the 1960s emphasized the predispositional and maturational aspects of language acquisition, no one denies that experiential variables have profound effects on all aspects of the development of language functions. The knowledge of a language possessed by a normal adult is a product of many years of exposure to a specific language environment. Both receptive and expressive modes of language behavior are molded by the speaker-hearer’s interaction with the linguistic community. In literate societies, the perceptual aspects of receptive language function include both vision (reading) and audition (speech perception), but, obviously, the latter is the primary mode by which language is learned and used by all normal humans. (For a comparison and contrast of the visual and auditory modes, see Kavanagh and Mattingly, 1972.)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
8. References
Abramson, A. S., and Lisker, L. Discriminability along the voicing continuum: Cross-language tests. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Phonetic Science. Prague: Academia, 1970, pp. 569–573.
Abramson, A. S., and Lisker, L. Voice-timing perception in Spanish word-initial stops. Journal of Phonetics, 1973, 7, 1–8.
Aungst, L. F., and Frick, J. V. Auditory discrimination ability and consistency of articulation of /r/, Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1964, 29, 76–85.
Barclay, J. R. Noncategorical perception of a voiced stop: A replication. Perception and Psychophysics, 1972, 77, 269–273.
Burdick, C. K., and Miller, J. D. Speech perception by the chinchilla: Discrimination of sustained /a/ and /i/. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1975, 58, 415–427.
Burns, E. M., and Ward, W. D. Categorical perception of musical intervals. 86th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 1973, 111, 96 (A).
Burns, E. M., and Ward, W. D. Further studies in musical interval perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1975, 55, Suppl. No. 1: S132(A).
Butterfield, E. C., and Cairns, G. F. Discussion summary: Infant reception research. In R. L. Schiefelbusch and L. L. Lloyd (Eds.), Language perspectives: Acquisition, retardation and intervention. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1974, pp. 75–102.
Caramazza, A., Yeni-Komshian, G., Zurif, E., and Carbone, E. The acquisition of a new phonological contrast: The case of stop consonants in French-English bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1973, 54, 421–428.
Carney, A. E., Widin, G. P., and Viemeister, N. F. Noncategorical perception of stop consonants differing in VOT. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1977, 62, 961–970.
Chaney, C. F., and Menyuk, P. Production and identification of/w, r, 1, j/ in normal and articulation impaired children. Paper presented at the American Speech and Hearing Association Convention. Washington, D.C., 1975.
Chomsky, N., and Halle, M. The sound pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row, 1968.
Cooper, F. S. Research on reading machines for the blind. In P. A. Zahl (Ed.), Blindness: Modern approaches to the unseen environment. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1950, pp. 512–543.
Cross, D. V., Lane, H. L., and Sheppard, W. C. Identification and discrimination functions for a visual continuum and their relation to the motor theory of speech perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1965, 70, 63–74.
Cutting, J. E. Different speech-processing mechanisms can be reflected in the results of discrimination and dichotic listening tasks. Brain and Language, 1974, 1, 363–373.
Cutting, J. E., and Eimas, P. D. Phonetic feature analyzers and the processing of speech in infants. In J. F. Kavanagh and J. E. Cutting (Eds.), The role of speech in Language, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1975, pp. 127–148.
Cutting, J. E., and Pisoni, D. B. An information-processing approach to speech perception. In J. F. Kavanagh and W. Strange (Eds.), Speech and language in the laboratory, school, and clinic. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, in press.
Cutting, J., and Rosner, B. S. Categories and boundaries in speech and music. Perception and Psychophysics, 1974, 16, 564–570.
Denes, P. B., and Pinson, E. N. The speech chain. New York: Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1963.
Dorman, M. F. Auditory evoked potential correlates of speech sound discrimination. Perception and Psychophysics, 1974, 15, 215–220.
Doty, D. Training ten- and eleven-year-olds to discriminate within phoneme boundaries along the voicing continuum. Unpublished manuscript, 1971.
Edwards, M. L. Perception and production in child phonology: The testing of four hypotheses. Journal of Child Language, 1974, 1, 205–219.
Eimas, P. D. The relation between identification and discrimination along speech and nonspeech continua. Language and Speech, 1963, 6, 206–217.
Eimas, P. D. Auditory and linguistic processing of cues for place of articulation by infants. Perception and Psychophysics, 1974, 16, 513–521.
Eimas, P. D. Speech perception in early infancy. In L. B. Cohen and P. Salapatek (Eds.), Infant perception. New York: Academic Press, 1975a, pp. 193–231.
Eimas, P. D. Auditory and phonetic coding of the cues for speech: Discrimination of the [r–1] distinction by young infants. Perception and Psychophysics, 1915b, 18, 341–347.
Eimas, P. D. Developmental aspects of speech perception. In R. Held, H. Leibowitz, and H. L. Teuber (Eds.), Handbook of sensory physiology: Perception. New York: Springer-Verlag, in press.
Eimas, P. D., Siqueland, E. R., Jusczyk, P., and Vigorito, J. Speech perception in infants, Science, 1971, 77, 303–306.
Fry, D. B., Abramson, A. S., Eimas, P. D., and Liberman, A. M. The identification and discrimination of synthetic vowels. Language and Speech, 1962, 5, 171–189.
Fodor, J. A., Garrett, M. F., and Brill, S. L. Pikapu: The perception of speech sounds by prelinguistic infants. Perception and Psychophysics, 1975, 18, 74–78.
Fujisaki, H., and Kawashima, T. On the modes and mechanisms of speech perception. Annual Report of the Engineering Research Institute. Vol. 28. Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1969, pp. 67–73.
Fujisaki, H., and Kawashima, T. Some experiments on speech perception and a model for the perceptual mechanisms. Annual Report of the Engineering Research Institute, Tokyo, 1970, 29, 207–214.
Garcia, E. Labeling of synthetic nasals. (II) Haskins Laboratories: Status Report on Speech Research, 1961a, SR–9.
Garcia, E. Discrimination of three-formant nasal-vowel syllables. (Ill) Haskins Laboratories: Status Report on Speech Research, 1961b, SR–12.
Garnica, O. K. The development of phonemic speech perception. In T. E. Moore (Ed.), Cognitive development and the acquisition of language. New York: Academic Press, 1973.
Gerstman, L. J. Perceptual dimensions for the friction portion of certain speech sounds. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. New York University, 1957.
Goto, H. Auditory perception by normal Japanese adults of the sounds “1” or “r”. Neuropsychologia, 1971, 9, 317–323.
Harris, K. S. Cues for the discrimination of American English fricatives in spoken syllables. Language and Speech, 1958, 1, 1–17.
Kavanagh, J. F., and Mattingly, I. G. (Eds.) Language by ear and by eye. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1972.
Kuhl, P. K. Predispositions for the perception of speech-sound categories: A species-specific phenomenon? In Proceedings of the Conference on Early Behavioral Assessment of the Communicative and Cognitive Abilities of the Developmentally Disabled. Orcas Island, Wash., in press.
Kuhl, P. K., and Miller, J. D. Speech perception by the chinchilla: Voiced-voiceless distinction in alveolar plosive consonants. Science, 1975a, 190, 69–72.
Kuhl, P. K., and Miller, J. D. Speech perception by the chinchilla: Phonetic boundaries for synthetic VOT stimuli. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1975b, 57, Suppl. 1, S–49(A).
Ladefoged, P. A course in phonetics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975.
Lane, H. Motor theory of speech perception: A critical review. Psychological Review, 1965, 72, 275–309.
Lane, H. L. A behavioral basis for the polarity principle in linguistics. Language, 1967, 43, 494–511.
Lane, H. L., and Schneider, B. A. Discriminative control of concurrent responses by the intensity, duration, and relative onset time of auditory stimuli. Unpublished report, Behavior Analysis Laboratory, University of Michigan, 1963.
Larkey, L. S., Wald, J., and Strange, W. Perception and synthetic nasal consonants in initial and final syllable position. Perception and Psychophysics in press.
Lasky, R. E., Syrdal-Lasky, A., and Klein, R. E. VOT discrimination by four to six and ahalf month old infants from Spanish environments. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1975, 20, 215–225.
Lenneberg, E. Biological foundations of language. New York: Wiley, 1967.
Liberman, A. M. The grammars of speech and language. Cognitive Psychology, 1970, 1, 301–323.
Liberman, A. M., Harris, K. S., Hoffman, H. S., and Griffith, B. C. The discrimination of speech sounds within and across phoneme boundaries. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1957, 54, 358–368.
Liberman, A. M., Harris, K. S., Kinney, J. A., and Lane, H. The discrimination of relative onset time of the components of certain speech and nonspeech patterns. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1961a, 67, 379–388.
Liberman, A. M., Harris, K. S., Eimas, P. D., Lisker, L., and Bastían, J. An effect of learning on speech perception: The discrimination of durations of silence with and without phonetic significance. Language and Speech, 19616, 4, 175–195.
Liberman, A. M., Cooper, F. S., Shankweiler, D. P., and Studdert-Kennedy, M. Perception of the speech code. Psychological Review, 1967, 74, 431–461.
Lisker, L. On learning a new contrast. Haskins Laboratories: Status Report on Speech Research, 1970, SR–24, 1–17.
Lisker, L., and Abramson, A. S. A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word, 1964, 20, 384–422.
Lisker, L., and Abramson, A. S. The voicing dimension: Some experiments in comparative phonetics. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Phonetic Science, Prague: Academia, 1970, pp. 563–567.
Locke, J. L., and Goldstein, J. I. Children’s identification and discrimination of phonemes. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 1971, 6, 107–112.
Locke, S., and Kellar, L. Categorical perception in a non-linguistic mode. Cortex, 1973, 9, 355–369.
Mattingly, I. G., Liberman, A. M., Syrdal, A. K., and Halwes, T. Discrimination in speech and non-speech modes. Cognitive Psychology, 1971, 2, 131–157.
McGovern, K., and Strange, W. The perception of /r/ and III in syllable-initial and syllable-final position. Perception and Psychophysics, 1977, 27, 162–170.
McReynolds, L. V., Kohn, J., and Williams, G. C. Articulatory-defective children’s discrimination of their production errors. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1975, 40, 327–338.
Menyuk, P. Early development of perceptive language: From babbling to words. In R. L. Schiefelbusch and L. L. Lloyd (Eds.), Language perspectives: Acquisition, retardation and intervention. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1974, pp. 213–236.
Menyuk, P., and Anderson, S. Children’s identification and reproduction of /w/, /r/ and IV. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1969, 72, 39–52.
Miller, C. L., and Morse, P. A. The “heart” of categorical speech discrimination in young infants. Infant Development Laboratory Research Status Report No. I. Madison, Wis.: Waisman Center on Mental Retardation in Human Development, University of Wisconsin, 1975, pp. 182–200.
Miller, J. D. Audibility curve of the chinchilla. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1970, 48, 513–523.
Miller, J. D., Wier, C. C., Pastore, R. E., Kelly, W. J., and Dooling, R. J. Discrimination and labeling of noise-buzz sequences with varying noise lead times: An example of categorical perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1976, 60, 410–417.
Miller, J. L., and Eimas, P. D. Studies on the perception of place and manner of articulation: A comparison of the labial-alveolar and nasal-stop distinctions. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1977, 67, 835–845.
Miller, G. A. The magical number seven, plus or minus two, or some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 1956, 63, 81–96.
Miyawaki, K., Strange, W., Verbrugge, R. R., Liberman, A. M., Jenkins, J. J., and Fujimura, O. An effect of linguistic experience: The discrimination of [r] and [1] by native speakers of Japanese and English. Perception and Psychophysics, 1975, 18, 331–340.
Morse, P. A. The discrimination of speech and nonspeech stimuli in early infancy. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1972, 14, 477–492.
Morse, P. A. Infant speech perception: A preliminary model and review of the literature. In R. L. Schiefelbusch and L. L. Lloyd (Eds.), Language perspectives: Acquisition, retardation and in-tervention. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1974, pp. 19–53.
Morse, P. A. Speech perception in the human infant and the rhesus monkey. Conference on Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech. Annals of the New York Academy of Science in press.
Morse, P. A., and Snowdon, C. T. An investigation of categorical speech discrimination by rhesus monkeys. Perception and Psychophysics, 1975, 77, 9–16.
Pisoni, D. B. On the nature of categorical perception of speech sounds. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1971.
Pisoni, D. B. Auditory and phonetic memory codes in the discrimination of consonants and vowels. Perception and Psychophysics, 1973, 13, 253–260.
Pisoni, D. B. Identification and discrimination of the relative onset time of two component tones: Implications for voicing perception in stops. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1911, 61, 1352–1361.
Pisoni, D. B., and Lazarus, J. H. Categorical and noncategorical modes of speech perception along the voicing continuum. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1974, 55, 328–333.
Pisoni, D. B., and Sawusch, J. R. Some stages of processing in speech perception. In A. Cohen and S. Nooteboom (Eds.), Structure and process in speech perception. Heidelberg: Springer- Verlag, 1975.
Pisoni, D. B., and Tash, J. Reaction times to comparisons within and across phonetic categories. Perception and Psychophysics, 1974, 15, 285–290.
Pollack, I. The information in elementary auditory displays. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1952, 24, 745–749.
Port, D. K., and Yeni-Komshian, G. H. Use of a scaling technique in the perception of stop consonants along a voicing continuum. Unpublished manuscript, 1971.
Potter, R. K., Kopp, G. A., and Green, H. C. Visible speech. New York: Van Nostrand, 1947.
Raphael, L. J. Preceding vowel duration as a cue to the perception of the voicing characteristic of word-final consonants in American English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1972, 57, 1296–1303.
Siegel, J. A., and Siegel, W. Categorical perception of tonal intervals: Musicians can’t tell sharp from flat. Perception and Psychophysics, 1977, 27, 399–407.
Stevens, K. N. Toward a model for speech recognition. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1960, 32, 47–55.
Stevens, K. N. On the relations between speech movements and speech perception. Zeitschrift fur Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikations Forschung, 1968, 27, 102–106.
Stevens, K. N., and Halle, M. Remarks on analysis by synthesis and distinctive features. In W. Wathen-Dunn (Ed.), Models for the perception of speech and visual form. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1967, pp. 88–102.
Stevens, K. N., and House, A. S. Speech perception. In J. Tobias (Ed.), Foundations of modern auditory theory, Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press, 1972, pp. 3–62.
Stevens, K. N., and Klatt, D. H. Role of formant transitions in the voiced-voiceless distinction for stops. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1974, 55, 653–659.
Stevens, K. N., Liberman, A. M., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Ohman, S. Cross-language study of vowel perception. Language and Speech, 1969, 72, 1–23.
Strange, W. The effects of training on the perception of synthetic speech sounds: Voice onset time. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1972.
Streeter, L. A. The effects of linguistic experience on phonetic perception. Unpublished dissertation, Columbia University, New York, 1974.
Streeter, L. A., and Landauer, T. K. Effects of learning English as a second language on the acquisition of a new phonemic contrast. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1976, 59, 448–451.
Studdert-Kennedy, M. The perception of speech. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Current trends in linguistics. Vol. X II. The Hague: Mouton, 1974.
Studdert-Kennedy, M. Speech perception. In N. J. Lass (Ed.), Contemporary issues in experimental phonetics. New York: Academic Press, 1976, pp. 243–293.
Studdert-Kennedy, M., Liberman, A. M., Harris, K. S., and Cooper, F. S. Motor theory of speech perception: A reply to Lane’s critical review. Psychological Review, 1970, 77, 234–249.
Vinegrad, M. D. A direct magnitude scaling method to investigate categorical vs. continuous modes of speech perception. Language and Speech, 1972, 75, 114–121.
Waters, R. S., and Wilson, W. A., Jr. Speech perception by rhesus monkeys: The voicing distinction in synthesized labial and velar stop consonants. Perception and Psychophysics, 1976, 19, 285–289.
Williams, L. Speech perception and production as a function of exposure to a second language. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1974.
Winterkorn, J. M. S., MacNeilage, R. F., and Preston, M. S. Perception of voiced and voiceless stop consonants in three-year-old children. Haskins Laboratories: Status Report on Speech Research, 1967, SR–11.
Wolf, C. G. The perception of stop consonants by children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1973, 16, 318–331.
Zlatin, M. A., and Koenigsknecht, R. A. Development of the voicing contrast: Perception of stop consonants. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1975, 18, 541–553.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1978 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Strange, W., Jenkins, J.J. (1978). Role of Linguistic Experience in the Perception of Speech. In: Walk, R.D., Pick, H.L. (eds) Perception and Experience. Perception and Perceptual Development, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2619-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2619-9_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2621-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2619-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive