Abstract
Quaternary ammonium anion exchange resins have been used as catalysts for organic reactions for thirty years.1–3 Until 1975 their uses had been limited to two phase reaction mixtures containing a solution and the insoluble polymeric catalyst. Catalysis in triphase reaction mixtures apparently was investigated first independently in three laboratories. Regen4 reported effects of the structure of quaternary ammonium ions and the percent ring substitution on the triphase reaction of 1-bromooctane with aqueous sodium cyanide. Brown and Jenkins5 reported effects of percent ring substitution and separation of the onium ion from the polymer backbone on the benzylation of 2-naphthoxide ion. Montanari, Tundo and coworkers6 reported polymer-bound quaternary phosphonium ions, crown ethers and cryptands for catalysis of the reactions of 1-bromooctane with aqueous potassium iodide and potassium cyanide. Subsequently many more catalysts and applications of triphase catalysis have been reported, and reviews are available.7–9
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Ford, W.T. (1984). Mechanisms of Catalysis by Polymer-Supported Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Ions. In: Mathias, L.J., Carraher, C.E. (eds) Crown Ethers and Phase Transfer Catalysis in Polymer Science. Polymer Science and Technology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9349-2_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9349-2_15
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