Skip to main content

Linear Correlations of Substituent Effects in 1H, 19F, and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

  • Chapter
Advances in Linear Free Energy Relationships

Abstract

Nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), from its inception, has provided useful and sometimes unique information about molecules. Nuclear shielding and spin-spin coupling data could lead to a complete understanding of the electronic environment of magnetic nuclei. This potential, however, has been only partly realised, primarily because theoretical interpretations of magnetic phenomena have not yet been as successful as empirical ones in providing information about the nature of electronic environments in and the transmission of electronic effects through a molecule.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. W. Emsley, J. Feeney, and L. H. Sutcliffe, High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, vol. 2, Chapter 10 ( Pergamon Press, New York, 1966 )

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. A. Y. Jones, Ann. Rev. NMR Spectroscopy, 1, 1 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. P. Bladon, Ann. Rev. NMR Spectroscopy, 2, 1 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. A. Bothner-By and J. A. Pople, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 16, 43 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. A. A. Bothner-By and C. Naar-Colin, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci70, 833 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  6. G. G. Hall, A. Hardisson, and L. M. Jackman, Tetrahedron, 19 Suppl. 2, 101 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  7. N. F. Ramsey and E. M. Purcell, Phys. Rev., 85, 143 (1952)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. N. F. Ramsey, Phys. Rev., 91, 303 (1953)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Barfield and D. M. Grant, Adv. Magn. Resonance, 1, 149 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. A. Pople and D. P. Santry, Mol. Phys., 7, 269 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. J. A. Pople and D. P. Santry, Mol. Phys., 8, 1 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. A. Pople and D. P. Santry, Mol. Phys., 9, 311 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Karplus and D. H. Anderson, J. Chem. Phys., 30, 6 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Karplus, J. Chem. Phys., 30, 11 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Barfield and M. Karplus, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 1 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. A. A. Bothner-By and R. K. Harris, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 3451 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. M. McConnell, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 1, 11 (1957)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. R. Katritzky and R. D. Topsom, Angew. Chem. Int. Edn., 9, 87 (1970); GE, 82, 106 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Sasaki, S. Ozaki, and M. Suzuki, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 16, 2137 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Y. Kato, Y. Fujimoto, and A. Saika, J. Magn. Resonance, 1, 35 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. N. S. Ostlund, M. D. Newton, J. W. Mclver, and J. A. Pople, J. Maqn. Resonance, 1, 298 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. N. Murrell and V. M. S. Gil, Theor. Chim. Acta. 4, 114 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. A. Mainster and J. D. Memory, J. Chem. Phys., 49, 3992 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. A. Bothner-By, Adv. Magn. Resonance, 1, 195 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  25. S. Sternhell, Quart. Rev., 23, 236 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. R. J. Abraham in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Organic Chemists, D. W. Mathieson, ed. ( Academic Press, New York, 1967 )

    Google Scholar 

  27. R. C. Cookson, T. A. Crabb, J. J. Frankel, and J. Hudec, Tetrahedron Suppl. No. 7, 355 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  28. H. Booth, Progr. NMR Spectroscopy, 5, 149 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. R. Cahill, R. C. Cookson, and T. A. Crabb, Tetrahedron, 25, 4681 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R. Cahill, R. C. Cookson, and T. A. Crabb, Tetrahedron, 25, 4711 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. G. E. Maciel, J. W. Mclver, N. S. Ostlund, and J. A. Pople, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 4151 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. P. J. Chivers and T. A. Crabb, Tetrahedron, 26, 3389 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. A. Pople and A. A. Bothner-By, J. Chem. Phys., 42, 1339 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. R. W. Franck and J. Auerbach, Can. J. Chem., 45, 2489 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. H. G. Hecht, J. Phys. Chem., 71, 1761 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. S. L. Manatt, D. D. Elleman, and S. J. Brois, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 2220 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  37. M. J. Lacey, C. G. Macdonald, A. Pross, J. S. Shannon, and S. Sternhell, Austral. J. Chem., 23, 1421 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. V. M. S. Gil and S. J. S. Formosinho-Simões, Mol. Phys., 15, 639 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. R. A. Niedrich, D. M. Grant, and M. Barfield, J. Chem. Phys., 42, 3733 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. H. J. Bernstein and N. Sheppard, J. Chem. Phys., 37, 3012 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. J. Hudec, J. Chem. Soc. (D), 242 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  42. R. J. Abraham and K. G. R. Pachler, Mol. Phys., 7, 165 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  43. K. L. Williamson, C. A. Lanford, and C. R. Nicholson, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 86, 762 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. C. N. Banwell and N. Sheppard, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 34, 115 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  45. G. Descotes, F. Chizat, and J. C. Martin, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 2304 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  46. R. R. Fraser, P. Hanbury, and C. Reyes-Zamora, Can. J. Chem., 45, 2481 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Y. L. Chow, S. Black, J. E. Blier, and M. M. Tracey, Can. J. Chem., 48, 2134 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Gurudata, J. B. Stothers, and J. D. Talman, Can. J. Chem., 45, 731 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  49. T. Schaefer, Can. J. Chem., 40, 1 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. M. Karplus, J. Chem. Phys., 30, 11 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. M. Karplus, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 2870 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. H. Conroy, Adv. Org. Chem., 2, 265 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. L. M. Jackman and S. Sternhell, Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry, Chapter 2 ( Pergamon Press, New York, 1969 )

    Google Scholar 

  54. W. A. Thomas, Ann. Rev. NMR Spectroscopy, (a) 3, 91 (1970); (b) 1, 43 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. H. S. Gutowsky and C. Juan, J. Chem. Phys., 37, 120 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. H. S. Gutowsky and C. Juan, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 34, 52 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  57. a) R. E. Glick and A. A. Bothner-By, J. Chem. Phys., 25, 362 (1956) (b) P. Laszlo and P. von R. Schleyer, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 2709 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  58. H. Booth, Tetrahedron Lett., 411 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  59. L. M. Jackman and D. P. Kelly, J. Chem. Soc. (B), 110 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  60. K. G. R. Pachler, Tetrahedron Lett., 1955 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  61. (a) R. J. Abraham and G. Gatti, J. Chem. Soc. (B), 961 (1969) (b) J. A. Claisse and D. I. Davies, Chem. Soc. (B), 679 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  62. K. L. Williamson, Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 516 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. R. J. Abraham and W. A. Thomas, Chem. Comm., 431 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  64. M. Anteunis, D. Tavernier, and F. Borremans, Bull. Soc. Chim. Beiges, 75, 396 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. M. Anteunis, Bull. Soc. Chim. Beiges, 75, 413 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. H. Günther and R. Wenzl, Z. Naturforsch., 22b, 389 (1967). See also reference 145.

    Google Scholar 

  67. H. Booth and P. R. Thornburrow, Chem. Ind. (London), 685 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  68. A. D. Cohen and T. Schaefer, Mol. Phys., 10, 209 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. T. Yonezawa, I. Morishima, M. Fujii, and H. Kato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 42, 1248 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. C. N. Banwell, N. Sheppard, and J. J. Turner, Spectrochim. Acta., 16, 794 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. T. Schaefer and H. M. Hutton, Can. J. Chem., 45, 3153 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. R. A. Hoffman and S. Gronowitz, Arkiv Kemi, 16, 563 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  73. R. J. Abraham and H. J. Bernstein, Can. J. Chem., 39, 905 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. W. Brügel, Z. Electrochem., 66, 159 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  75. R. H. Cox and A. A. Bothner-By, J. Phys. Chem., 72, 1642 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. R. H. Cox and A. A. Bothner-By, J. Phys. Chem., 72, 1646 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. S. Castellano and R. Kostelnik, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 141 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. W. Brügel, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra and Chemical Structure ( Academic Press, New York, 1967 )

    Google Scholar 

  79. J. A. Pople and M. Gordon, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 4253 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. W. B. Moniz, C. F. Poranski, and T. N. Hall, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 88, 190 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. H. Kloosterziel and J. A. A. van Drunen, Ree. Trav. Chim., 89, 368 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. H. Kloosterziel, Ree. Trav. Chim., 89, 300 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. W. T. Dixon, Chem. Comm., 402 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  84. W. T. Dixon, Tetrahedron Lett., 2531 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  85. H. B. Evans, A. R. Tarpley, and J. H. Goldstein, J. Phys. Chem., 72, 2552 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Y. Sasaki, M. Suzuki, T. Hibino, and K. Karai, Chem. Pharm. Bull (Tokyo), 15, 599 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. P. F. Cox, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 380 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. K. Hayamizu and O. Yamamoto, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 25, 422 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  89. R. R. Fraser, Can. J. Chem., 44, 2737 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. J. Martin and B. P. Dailey, J. Chem. Phys., 37, 2594 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. T. F. Page, Mol. Phys., 14, 99 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. T. Schaefer, G. Kotowycz, H. M. Hutton, and J. W. S. Lee, Can. J. Chem., 46, 2531 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. B. Dischler, Z. Naturforsch., 20a, 888 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  94. A. R. Katritzky, B. Ternai, and G. J. T. Tiddy, Tetrahedron Lett., 1713 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  95. Y. Sasaki, M. Suzuki, T. Hibino, and K. Karai, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 15, 599 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. S. Castellano and R. Kostelnik, Tetrahedron Lett., 5211 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  97. S. Castellano, C. Sun, and R. Kostelnik, Tetrahedron Lett., 5205 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  98. J. M. Read, R. W. Crecely, R. S. Butler, J. E. Loemker, and J. H. Goldstein, Tetra-hedron Lett., 1215 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  99. K. N. Scott, J. Magn. Resonance, 2, 361 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. B. Caddy, M. Martin-Smith, R. K. Norris, S. T. Reid, and S. Sternhell, Austral Chem., 21, 1853 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. T. K. Wu, J. Phys. Chem., 71, 3089 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. A. R. Tarpley, H. B. Evans, and J. H. Goldstein, Anal. Chem., 41, 402 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. N. Jonathan, S. Gordon, and B. P. Dailey, J. Chem. Phys., 36, 2443 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. W. B. Smith, W. H. Watson, and S. Chiranjeevi, Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 1438 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. A. R. Katritzky and R. E. Reavill, Ree. Trav. Chim., 83, 1230 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  106. G. T. Jones and J. N. Murrell, J. Chem. Soc. (A), 1421 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  107. H. Günther, Tetrahedron Lett., 2967 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  108. K. D. Bartle, D. W. Jones, and J. E. Pearson, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 24, 330 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. K. D. Bartle, D. W. Jones, and R. S. Matthews, J. Mol. Structure, 4, 445 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. J. B. Pawliczek and H. Günther, Tetrahedron, 26, 1755 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. S. Castellano, R. Kostelnik, and C. Sun, Tetrahedron Lett., 4635 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  112. S. Castellano and C. Sun, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 88, 4741 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. J. B. Lambert, L. J. Durham, P. Lepoutere, and J. D. Roberts, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 3896 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. M. Barfield and B. Chakrabarti, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 4346 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. a) C. J. Macdonald and W. F. Reynolds, Can. J. Chem., 48, 1002 (1970) lb) B. M. Lynch and H. J. M. Dou, Tetrahedron Lett., 2627 (1966) (c) G. G. Hall, A. Hardisson, and L. M. Jackman, Tetrahedron, 19 Suppl. 2, 101 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  116. W. C. Ripka and D. E. Applequist, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 4035 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. C. J. Macdonald and W. F. Reynolds, Can. J. Chem., 48, 1046 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. M. Barfield and B. Chakrabarti, Chem. Rev., 69, 757 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. N. F. Ramsey, Phys. Rev., 78, 699 (1950)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. N. F. Ramsey, Phys. Rev., 86, 243 (1952)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. A. H. Gawer and B. P. Dailey, J. Chem. Phys., 42, 2658 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. D. E. O’Reilly, Progr. NMR Spectroscopy, 2, 1 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  123. W. N. Lipscomb, Adv. Magn. Resonance, 2, 138 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  124. J. I. Musher, Adv. Magn. Resonance, 2, 177 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  125. H. Kato, H. Kato, and T. Yonezawa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 43, 1921 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. A. Saika and C. P. Slichter, Chem. Phys., 22, 26 (1954)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. J. A. Pople, Mol. Phys., 7, 301 (1963–64)

    Google Scholar 

  128. J. M. Sichel and M. A. Whitehead, Theor. Chim. Acta., 5, 35 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. M. Karplus and T. P. Das, J. Chem. Phys., 34, 1683 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. J. A. Pople, W. G. Schneider, and H. J. Bernstein, High-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Chapter 7 ( McGraw-Hill, New York, 1959 )

    Google Scholar 

  131. R. F. Zürcher in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, pps. 45–51, B. Pece, ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1965 )

    Google Scholar 

  132. R. F. Zürcher, Progr. NMR Spectroscopy, 2, 205 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  133. A. D. Buckingham, T. Schaefer, and W. G. Schneider, J. Chem. Phys., 32, 1227 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. F. Hruska, G. Kotowycz, and T. Schaefer, Can. J. Chem., 43, 3188 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. T. A. Wittstruck and E. N. Trachtenberg, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 3803 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. C. W. Haigh, M. H. Palmer, and B. Semple, J. Chem. Soc., 6004 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  137. P. Bucci, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 252 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. J. S. Martin and B. P. Dailey, J. Chem. Phys., 39, 1722 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. N. Muller and W. C. Tosch, J. Chem. Phys., 37, 1167 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. G. E. Hawkes and J. H. P. Utley, J. Chem. Soc. (D), 1033 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  141. G.P. Ceasar and B. P. Dailey, J. Chem. Phys., 50, 4200 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. E. Doomes and N. H. Cromwell, J. Org. Chem., 34, 310 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. N. C. Baird and M. A. Whitehead, Theor. Chim. Acta, 6, 167 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. T. K. Wu and B. P. Dailey, J. Chem. Phys., 41, 2796 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. E. W. Garbisch, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 86, 5561 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  146. S. Castellano and J. Lorenc, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 3552 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. J. I. Musher, J. Chem. Phys., 37, 34 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. H. Spiesecke and W. G. Schneider, J. Chem. Phys., 35, 722 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. C. Maclean and E. L. Mackor, Mol. Phys., 4, 241 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. A. D. Buckingham, Can. J. Chem., 38, 300 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. G. Fraenkel, R. E. Carter, A. D. McLachlan, and J. H. Richards, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 82, 5846 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. J. R. Cavanaugh and B. P. Dailey, J. Chem. Phys., 34, 1099 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. J. Guy and J. Tillieu, J. Chem. Phys., 24, 1117 (1956)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. G. K. Hamer and W. F. Reynolds, Can. J. Chem., 46, 3813 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. B. P. Dailey and J. N. Shoolery, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 77, 3977 (1955)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. F. Levevre and M. L. Martin, Compt. Rend., C271, 1255 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  157. A. L. Allred and E. G. Rochow, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 79, 5361 (1957)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. W. Drenth and A. Loewenstein, Rec. Trav. Chim., 81, 635 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. W. Drenth and D. Rosenberg, Rec. Trav. Chim., 86, 26 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. A. A. Bothner-By and C. Naar-Colin, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 80, 1728 (1958)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. C. MacLean and E. L. Mackor, J. Chem. Phys., 34, 2208 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. H. Spiesecke and W. G. Schneider, Tetrahedron Lett., 468 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  163. C. MacLean and E. L. Mackor, Mol. Phys., 4, 241 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. M. P. Schweizer, S. I. Chan, G. K. Helmkamp, and P. O. P. Ts’o, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 86, 696 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. W. T. Raynes and B. P. Chadburn, Mol Phys., 17, 543 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. V. McKoy and J. I. Musher, J. Chem. Phys., 46, 943 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. T. Schaefer and W. G. Schneider, Can. J. Chem., 41, 966 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. A. Zweig, J. E. Lehnsen, J. E. Lancaster, and M. T. Neglia, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 3940 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. J. C. Schug and J. C. Deck, Chem. Phys., 37, 2618 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. E. S. Hanrahan and M. R. Chakrabarty, J. Magn. Resonance, 2, 19 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. J. Kuthan, Z. Donnerovd, and V. Skdla, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 34, 2398 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. J. Kuthan, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 33, 1220 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. J. C. Schug and B. P. Smith, J. Chem. Phys., 47, 849 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. L. M. Jackman, Q. N. Porter, and G. R. Underwood, Austral J. Chem., 18, 1221 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. J. Kuthan, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 35, 714 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. V. F. Bystrov, V. V. Ershov, and V. P. Lezina, Optika iSpektroskopiya, 17,538 (1964); EE, 290

    Google Scholar 

  177. M. L. Heffernan, A. J. Jones, and P. J. Black, Austral J. Chem., 20, 589 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. P. J. Black, R. D. Brown, and M. L. Heffernan, Austral J. Chem., 20, 1305 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. H. Spiesecke and W. G. Schneider, J. Chem. Phys., 35, 731 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. P. Lazzeretti and F. Taddei, Tetrahedron Lett., 3025 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  181. H. P. Figeys and R. Flammang, Mol Phys., 12, 581 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. B. P. Dailey, A. Gawer, and W. C. Neikam, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 34, 18 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  183. D. E. O’Reilly and H. P. Leftin, J. Phys. Chem., 64, 1555 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  184. V. R. Sandel and H. H. Freedman, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 2328 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. R. B. Moodie, T. M. Connor, and R. Stewart, Can. J. Chem., 37, 1402 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. R. G. Lawler and C. V. Ristagno, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 1534 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. G. B. Savitsky, H. G. Spencer, and J. F. Geldard, J. Magn. Resonance, 1, 303 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. V. M. S. Gil and J. N. Murrell, Trans. Faraday Soc., 60, 248 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. I. C. Smith and W. G. Schneider, Can. J. Chem., 39, 1158 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. J. M. Haigh and D. A. Thornton, Tetrahedron Lett., 2043 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  191. P. J. Frank and H. S. Gutowsky, Arch. Scl, 11, 215 (1958)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. G. G. Hall, A. Hardisson, and L. M. Jackman, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 34, 15 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  193. R. J. Abraham, R. C. Sheppard, W. A. Thomas, and S. Turner, Chem. Comm., 43 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  194. J. A. Elvidge, Chem. Comm., 160 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  195. J. A. Elvidge and L. M. Jackman, J. Chem. Soc., 859 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  196. L. M. Jackman, F. Sondheimer, Y. Amiel, D. A. Ben-Efraim, Y. Gaoni, R. Wolovsky, and A. A. Bothner-By, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 84, 4307 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. H. A. P. de Jongh and H. Wynberg, Tetrahedron, 21, 515 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  198. T. B. Cobb and J. D. Memory, J. Chem. Phys., 50, 4262 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. A. Veillard, J. Chim. Phys., 59, 1056 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. A. Veillard and B. Pullman, Compt. Rend., 253, 2418 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  201. J. B. Merry and J. H. Goldstein, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 88, 5560 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. J. D. Baldeschwieler and E. W. Randall, Proc. Chem. Soc., 303 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  203. P. J. Black, R. D, Brown, and M. L. Heffernan, Austral J. Chem., 20, 1325 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  204. W. Seiffert, H. Zimmermann, and G. Scheibe, Angew. Chem., 74, 249 (1962); EE, 1, 265 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  205. K. Tori and M. Ogata, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 12, 272 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. B. M. Lynch and H. J. M. Dou, Tetrahedron Lett., 2627 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  207. G. Kotowycz, T. Schaefer, and E. Bock, Can. J. Chem., 42, 2541 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. A. V. Cunliffe, R. Grinter, and R. K. Harris, J. Magn. Resonance, 3, 299 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. W. G. Paterson and N. R. Tipman, Can. J. Chem., 40, 2122 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. B. M. Lynch, B. C. Macdonald, and J. G. K. Webb, Tetrahedron, 24, 3595 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. M. R. Chakrabarty and E. S. Hanrahan, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 30, 348 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. W. Seiffert, Angew. Chem., 74, 250 (1962); EE, 1, 215 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  213. G. V. D. Tiers, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 78, 2914 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  214. T. Schaefer, W. F. Reynolds, and T. Yonemoto, Can. J. Chem., 41, 2969 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. S. Castellano, H. Günther, and S. Ebersole, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 4166 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. K. D. Bartle and D. W. Jones, J. Chem. Soc. (A), 437 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  217. C. Reid, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 1, 18 (1957)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. T. B. Cobb and J. D. Memory, J. Chem. Phys., 47, 2020 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. H. P. Figeys, Tetrahedron Lett., 4625 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  220. W. Nagata, T. Terasawa, and K. Tori, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 86, 3746 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. W. C. Neikam and B. P. Dailey, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 445 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. K. D. Bartle and J. A. S. Smith, Spectrochim. Acta., 23A, 1715 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. K. D. Bartle and J. A. S. Smith, Spectrochim. Acta., 23A, 1689 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. B. V. Cheney, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 5386 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. F. A. Bovey, F. P. Hood, E. Pier, and H. E. Weaver, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 2060 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. S. J. Brois, Tetrahedron, 26, 227 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. S. J. Brois, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 4242 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. H. Hopff and A. Gati, Helv. Chim. Acta, 48, 509 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. E. M. Arnett and J. M. Bollinger, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 86, 4729 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. T. H. Regan and J. B. Miller, J. Org. Chem., 32, 592 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. T. H. Regan and J. B. Miller, J. Org. Chem., 32, 2789 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. S. C. Dickerman and J. R. Haase, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 5458 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  233. K. D. Bartle, P. M. G. Bavin, D. W. Jones, and R. L’amie, Tetrahedron, 26, 911 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. C. F. Wilcox and F. D. Roberts, J. Org. Chem., 30, 1959 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. D. R. Arnold, D. J. Trecker, and E. B. Whipple, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 2596 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. M. A. Battiste and M. E. Brennan, Tetrahedron Lett., 5857 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  237. F. A. L. Anet, A. J. R. Bourn, P. Carter, and S. Winstein, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 5249 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. S. Winstein, P. Carter, F. A. L. Anet, and A. J. R. Bourn, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 5247 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. N. Nakagawa, S. Saito, A. Suzuki, and M. Itoh, Tetrahedron Lett., 1003 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  240. E. Pretsch, H. Immer, C. Pascual, K. Schaffner, and W. Simon, Helv. Chim. Acta, 50, 105 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. R. J. Abraham and J. S. E. Holker, J. Chem. Soc., 806 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  242. K. Tori and T. Komeno, Tetrahedron, 21, 309 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. A. D. Cross and I. T. Harrison, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 3223 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. A. D. Cross, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 84, 3206 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  245. L. K. Dyall, Austral. J. Chem., 17, 419 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. K. Tori and K. Kuriyama, Chem. Ind. (London), 1525 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  247. A. Zweig, J. E. Lancaster and M. T. Neglia, Tetrahedron, 23, 2577 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. P. R. Wells, J. Chem. Soc., 1967 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  249. P. R. Wells and P. G. E. Alcorn, Austral. J. Chem., 16, 1108 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. P. R. Wells, Austral. J. Chem., 17, 967 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. G. O. Dudek, Spectrochim. Acta, 19, 691 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. W. T. Raynes, A. D. Buckingham, and H. J. Bernstein, J. Chem. Phys., 36, 3481 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. F. H. A. Rummens and H. J. Bernstein, J. Chem. Phys., 43, 2971 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. L. Petrakis and H. J. Bernstein, J. Chem. Phys., 37, 2731 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. L. Petrakis and H. J. Bernstein, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 1562 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. F. H. A. Rummens, W. T. Raynes, and H. J. Bernstein, J. Phys. Chem., 72, 2111 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. A. A. Bothner-By, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 5, 52 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. M. J. Stephen, Mol. Phys., 1, 223 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  259. T. W. Marshall and J. A. Pople, Mol. Phys., 1, 199 (1958)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. F. Hruska, H. M. Hutton, and T. Schaefer, Can. J. Chem., 43, 2392 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. W. B. Smith and G. M. Cole, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 4413 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. W. B. Smith and J. L. Roark, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 5018 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. J. L. Roark and W. B. Smith, J. Phys. Chem., 73, 1043, 1046 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. R. H. Cox, Spectrochim. Acta., 25A, 1189 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. W. B. Smith and J. L. Roark, J. Phys. Chem., 73, 1049 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. G. Socrates, J. Phys. Chem., 74, 3141 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. a) J. Homer and D. Callaghan, J. Chem. Soc. (A), 439, 518 (1968) (b) J. W. ApSimon, W. G. Craig, P. V. Demarco, D. W. Mathieson, L. Saunders, and W. B. Whalley, Tetrahedron, 23, 2357 (1968) (c) J. W. ApSimon, W. G. Craig, P. V. Demarco, D. W. Mathieson, and W. B. Whalley, Tetrahedron, 23, 2375 (1968) (d) J. W. ApSimon, P. V. Demarco, D. W. Mathieson, W. G. Craig, A. Karim, L. Saunders, and W. B. Whalley, Tetrahedron, 26, 119 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  268. J. A. Pople, J. Chem. Phys., 24, 1111 (1956)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. D. J. Sardella and G. Vogel, J. Phys. Chem., 74, 4532 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. H. J. Bernstein, W. G. Schneider, and J. A. Pople, Proc. Roy. Soc. (A), 236, 515 (1956)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. R. J. Ouellette and B. G. van Leuwen, J. Org. Chem., 34, 62 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. M. D. Bentley and M. J. S. Dewar, J. Org. Chem., 35, 2707 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. J. S. Waugh and R. W. Fessenden, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 79, 846 (1957)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. C. E. Johnson and F. A. Bovey, J. Chem. Phys., 29, 1012 (1958)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. H. Yamada, Y. Tsuno, and Y. Yukawa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 43, 1459 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. H. Hogeveen, G. Maccagnani, F. Montanari, and F. Taddei, J. Chem. Soc., 682 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  277. E. W. Garbisch, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 927 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. M. Katayama, S. Fujiwara, H. Suzuki, Y. Nagai, and O. Simamura, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 5, 85 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. R. J. Abraham, Mol. Phys., 4, 145 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. H. Günther, Z. Naturforsch., 20b, 948 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  281. B. P. Dailey, Chem. Phys., 41, 2304 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. J. A. Pople, J. Chem. Phys., 41, 2559 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. K. G. Kidd, G. Kotowycz, and T. Schaefer, Can. J. Chem., 45, 2155 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. W. A. Gibbons and V. M. S. Gil, Mol. Phys., 9, 163 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. R. J. Abraham and W. A. Thomas, Chem. Soc. (B), 127 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  286. G. Socrates, Trans. Faraday Soc., 66, 1052 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. P. Diehl, Helv. Chim. Acta, 44, 829 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. K. Hayamizu and O. Yamamoto, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 28, 89 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. I. Yamaguchi and N. Hayakawa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 33, 1128 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. P. L. Corio and B. P. Dailey, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 78, 3043 (1956)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. A. A. Bothner-By and R. E. Glick, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 78, 1071 (1956)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. F. Langenbucher, R. Mecke, and E. D. Schmid, Ann. Chem., 669, 11 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. F. Langenbucher, E. D. Schmid, and R. Mecke, J. Chem. Phys., 39, 1901 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. M. G. Hogben and W. A. G. Graham, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 283 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. Y. Kondo, K. Kondo, T. Takemoto, and T. Ikenoue, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 14, 1332 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. H. H. Jaffé, J. Chem. Phys., 20, 279 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  297. R. R. Fraser, Can. J. Chem., 38, 2226 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. S. H. Marcus, W. F. Reynolds, and S. I. Miller, J. Org. Chem., 31, 1872 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  299. K. L. Williamson, N. C. Jacobus, and K. T. Soucy, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 86, 4021 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. J.-P Dubois, J. A. Miller, and J.-P. Doucet, J. Chim. Phys., 63, 1283 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  301. C. D. Cook and S. S. Danyluk, Tetrahedron, 19, 177 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  302. S. Arakawa and M. Hashimoto, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 41, 1449 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. R. R. Fräser, Gurudata, R. N. Renaud, C. Reyes-Zamora, and R. B. Swingle, Can. J. Chem., 47, 2767 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  304. A. R. Katritzky and F. J. Swinbourne, J. Chem. Soc., 6707 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  305. H. Weitkamp and F. Korte, Tetrahedron Suppl., 7, 75 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  306. H. Güsten and M. Salzwedel, Tetrahedron, 23, 173 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  307. M. A. Weinberger, R. M. Heggie, and H. L. Holmes, Can. J. Chem., 43, 2585 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. R. E. Klinck and J. B. Stothers, Can. J. Chem., 40, 1071 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. T. Birchall and R. J. Gillespie, Can. J. Chem., 43, 1045 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  310. G. P. Schiemenz and G. Stein, Tetrahedron, 26, 2007 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. I. Pejkovic-Tadic, M. Hranisavljevic-Jakovljevic, S. Nesic, C. Pascual, and W. Simon, Helv. Chim. Acta, 48, 1157 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. R. J. Ouellette, D. L. Marks, and D. Miller, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 913 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. M. T. Tribble and J. G. Traynham, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 379 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. R. J. Ouellette, Can. J. Chem., 43, 707 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  315. M. W. Dietrich, J. S. Nash, and R. E. Keller, Anal. Chem., 38, 1479 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  316. V. Bekärek, J. Socha, and M. Vecera, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 33, 3377 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  317. C. Heathcock, Can. J. Chem., 40, 1865 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. T. Yonemoto, W. F. Reynolds, H. M. Hutton, and T. Schaefer, Can. J. Chem., 43, 2668 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. H. Suhr, Z. Elektrochem., 66, 466 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  320. J. M. Appleton, B. D. Andrews, I. D. Rae, and B. E. Reichert, Austral. J. Chem., 23, 1667 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  321. I. D. Rae and L. K. Dyall, Austral. J. Chem., 19, 835 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. J. Niwa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 42, 1926 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. R. R. Fraser, Gurudata, C. Reyes-Zamora, and R. B. Swingle, Can. J. Chem., 46, 1595 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. K. Tabei and E. Saitou, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 42, 1440 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. S. H. Marcus and S. I. Miller, J. Phys. Chem., 68, 331 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. H. Hogeveen, G. Maccagnani, and F. Taddei, Ree. Trav. Chim., 83, 937 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  327. C. Brown and D. R. Hogg, Chem. Comm., 150 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  328. H. Kessler, Chem. Ber., 103, 973 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. G. L. Eian and C. A. Kingsbury, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 43, 739 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. V. Bekärek, J. Klicnar, F. Kristek, and M. Vecera, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 33 994 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  331. A. Battaglia, A. Dondoni, and F. Taddei, J. Heterocyclic Chem., 7, 721 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. P. Beltrame, C. Veglio, and M. Simonetta, J. Chem. Soc. (B), 867 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  333. G. Di Modica, E. Barni, and F. Delle Monache, Gazz. Chim. Ital., 95, 432 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  334. G. Di Modica, E. Barni, and A. Gasco, J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2, 457 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. N. Inamoto, S. Masuda, K. Tori, K. Aono, and H. Tanida, Can. J. Chem., 45, 1185 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. C. D. Ritchie and W. F. Sager, Progr. Phys. Org. Chem., 2, 323 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. J. G. Traynham and G. A. Knesel, J. Org. Chem., 31, 3350 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. S. Forsen and M. Nilsson, Acta Chem. Scand., 13, 1383 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. L. W. Reeves, E. A. Allan, and K. O. Stmmme, Can. J. Chem., 38, 1249 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. I. Gränacher, Helv. Phys. Acta, 34, 272 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  341. J-C. Halle, Compt. Rend., C271, 1109 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. L. A. Cohen and W. M. Jones, Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 3402 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  343. Y. Kondo, K. Kondo, T. Takemoto, and T. Ikenoue, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 12, 514 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. J. A. Claisse and D. I. Davies, J. Chem. Soc. (B), 679 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  345. K. D. Bartle and D. W. Jones, J. Phys. Chem., 73, 293 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. R. T. Hobgood and J. H. Goldstein, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 12, 76 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. M. Nishio, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 15, 1669 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  348. F. Taddei, Chem. Soc. (B), 653 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  349. M. Nishio, Chem. Pharm. Bull (Tokyo), 17, 262 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  350. H. Kasiwagi and J. Niwa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 36, 405 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  351. H. Kasiwagi, N. Nakagawa, and J. Niwa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 36, 410 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. R. O. Kan, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 86, 5180 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  353. O. Rosado-Lojo, C. K. Hancock, and A. Danti, J. Org. Chem., 31, 1899 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  354. A. A. Pavia, J. Wylde, R. Wylde, and E. Arnal, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 2709 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  355. J. C. Bourmanne, G. Leroy, and J. Weiler, Tetrahedron, 26, 2281 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  356. O. B. Nagy, J. Ph. Soumillion, and A. Bruylants, Bull. Soc. Chim. Beiges, 78, 639 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  357. R. W. Taft in Steric Effects in Organic Chemistry, p. 618, M. S. Newman, ed. (Wiley, New York, 1956 )

    Google Scholar 

  358. P. Diehl and G. Svegliado, Helv. Chim. Acta, 46, 461 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. H. Primas, R. Arndt, and R. Ernst, Adv. Mol. Spectroscopy, 3, 1246 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  360. a) J. Schraml, E. G. Rochow, J. Cudlin, and V. Chvalovsky, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 33,4419 (1968). (b) J. Schraml and V. Chvalovsky, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 35, 709 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  361. J. B. Leane and R. E. Richards, Trans. Faraday Soc., 55, 707 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  362. G. W. Smith, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 12, 146 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. N. van Meurs, Ree. Trav. Chim., 86, 111 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  364. N. van Meurs, Ree. Trav. Chim., 87, 145 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  365. B. Bäk, J. B. Jensen, A.-L. Larsen, and J. Rastrup-Andersen, Acta. Chem. Scand16, 1031 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  366. J. A. Ballantine and C. T. Pillinger, Tetrahedron, 23, 1691 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  367. B. Richardson and T. Schaefer, Can. J. Chem., 46, 2195 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  368. J. J. R. Reed, Anal. Chem., 39, 1586 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  369. R. C. Fort and P. von R. Schleyer, J. Org. Chem., 30, 789 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  370. R. F. Zürcher, Helv. Chim. Acta, 44, 1380 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  371. J. N. Shoolery and M. T. Rogers, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 80, 5121 (1958)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  372. N. S. Bhacca and D. H. Williams, Applications of NMR Spectroscopy to Organic Chemistry, Illustrations from the Steroid Field, Chapter 2 ( Holden-Day, San Francisco, 1964 )

    Google Scholar 

  373. J.-C. Jacquesy, J.-M. Lehn and J. Levisalles, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 2444 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  374. E. R. Malinowski, M. S. Manhas, G. H. Müller, and A. K. Bose, Tetrahedron Lett., 1161 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  375. A. I. Cohen and S. Rock, Steroids, 3, 243 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  376. G. Slomp and B. R. McGarvey, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 81, 2200 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  377. J. S. G. Cox, E. O. Bishop, and R. E. Richards, J. Chem. Soc., 5118 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  378. Y. Kawazoe, Y. Sato, M. Natsume, H. Hasegawa, T. Okamoto, and K. Tsuda, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 10, 338 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  379. H. Güsten and M. Salzwedel, Tetrahedron, 23, 187 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  380. L. G. Tensmeyer and C. Ainsworth, J. Org. Chem., 31, 1878 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  381. K. L. Williamson and T. A. Spencer, Tetrahedron Lett., 3267 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  382. T. K. Wu and B. P. Dailey, J. Chem. Phys., 41, 3307 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  383. P. Maroni, P. Tisnes, and J.-P. Gorrichon, Compt. Rend., C270, 1817 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  384. H. Egger and A. Nikiforov, Monatsh. Chem., 100, 483 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. R. R. Ernst, Mol. Phys., 16, 241 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  386. J. Dyer, Proc. Chem. Soc., 275 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  387. C. G. Moreland and W. S. Brey, J. Chem. Phys., 45, 803 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  388. S. Ng and C. H. Sederholm, J. Chem. Phys., 40, 2090 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  389. J. Reuben, J. Shvo, and A. Demiel, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 3995 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  390. R. J. Abraham and L. Cavalli, Mol. Phys., 9, 67 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. K. L. Williamson, Y-F. Li Hsu, F. H. Hall, S. Swager, and M. S. Coulter, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 6717 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. A. M. Ihrig and S. L. Smith, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 759 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  393. J. Cantacuzene and R. Jantzen, Tetrahedron, 26, 2429 ( 1970

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  394. J. E. Loemker, J. M. Read, and J. H. Goldstein, J. Phys. Chem., 72, 991 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  395. J. E. Loemker, K. M. Pryse, J. M. Read, and J. H. Goldstein, Can. J. Chem., 47, 209 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  396. H. M. Hutton, B. Richardson, and T. Schaefer, Can. J. Chem., 45, 1795 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. K. L. Williamson and J. C. Fenstermaker, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 342 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. R. J. Cushley, I. Wempen, and J. J. Fox, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 709 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  399. a) G. W. Gribble and J. R. Douglas, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 5764 (1970) (b) R. Filler and E. W. Choe, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 1862 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  400. a) C. W. Jefford, D. T. Hill, L. Ghosez, S. Toppet, and K. C. Ramey, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 1532 (1969) (b) L. M. Stock and M. R. Wasielewski, J. Org. Chem., 35, 4240 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  401. L. Cavalli and R. J. Abraham, Mol. Phys., 19, 265 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  402. L. D. Hall, R. N. Johnson, J. Adamson, and A. B. Foster, J. Chem. Soc. (D), 463 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  403. K. L. Williamson and B. A. Braman, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 6183 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  404. N. Boden, J. W. Emsley, J. Feeney, and L. H. Sutcliffe, Mol. Phys., 8, 133 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  405. G. A. Williams and H. S. Gutowsky, J. Chem. Phys., 30, 717 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. L. Petrakis and C. H. Sederholm, J. Chem. Phys., 35, 1243 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  407. R. J. Abraham, D. B. Macdonald, and E. S. Pepper, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 147 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  408. R. J. Abraham, D. B. Macdonald, and E. S. Pepper, Chem. Comm., 542 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  409. E. A. Cohen, A. J. R. Bourn, and S. L. Manatt, J. Magn. Resonance, 1, 436 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. M. G. Hogben, R. S. Gay, and W. A. G. Graham, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 88, 3457 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  411. R. J. Abraham, J. Chem, Soc. (B), 1022 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  412. R. D. Chambers, L. H. Sutcliffe, and G. J. T. Tiddy, Trans. Faraday Soc., 66, 1025 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  413. R. A. Fletton, R. D. Lapper, and L. F. Thomas, J. Chem. Soc. (D), 1049 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  414. F. G. Herring, Can. J. Chem., 48, 3498 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  415. E. F. Mooney and P. H. Winson, Ann. Rev. NMR Spectroscopy, 1, 243 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  416. T. S. Smith and E. A. Smith, J. Phys. Chem., 63, 1701 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  417. J. Dyer and J. Lee, Trans. Faraday Soc., 62, 257 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  418. F. Prosser and L. Goodman, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 374 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  419. R. W. Taft, F. Prosser, L. Goodman, and G. T. Davis, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 380 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  420. A. B. Foster, R. Hems, L. D. Hall, and J. F. Manville, Chem. Comm., 158 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  421. M. J. S. Dewar and T. G. Squires, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 210 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  422. R. T. C. Brownlee and R. W. Taft, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 7007 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  423. C. S. Giam and J. L. Lyle, J. Chem. Soc. (B), 1516 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  424. G. E. Maciel and J. J. Natterstad, J. Chem. Phys., 42, 2427 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  425. P. C. Lauterbur, Tetrahedron Lett., 274 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  426. R. W. Taft, J. Phys. Chem., 64, 1805 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  427. K. Hayamizu and O. Yamamoto, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 29, 183 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  428. W. Adcock and M. J. S. Dewar, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 379 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  429. R. W. Taft, E. Price, I. R. Fox, I. C. Lewis, K. K. Andersen, and G. T. Davis, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 709 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  430. R. W. Taft, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 79, 1045 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  431. R. W. Taft, E. Price, I. R. Fox, I. C. Lewis, K. K. Andersen, and G. T. Davis, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 3146 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  432. R. W. Taft, S. Ehrenson, I. C. Lewis, and R. E. Glick, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 81, 5352 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  433. P. R. Wells, S. Ehrenson, and R. W. Taft, Progr. Phys. Org. Chem., 6, 147 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  434. M. J. S. Dewar and J. Kelemen, J. Chem. Phys., 49, 499 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  435. M. J. S. Dewar and A. P. Marchand, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 88, 3318 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  436. A. R. Bassindale, C. Eaborn, and D. R. M. Walton, J. Organometal. Chem., 21, 91 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  437. W. Adcock and W. Kitching, J. Chem. Soc. (D) 1163 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  438. W. Adcock, P. D. Bettess, and S. Q. A. Rizvi, Austral J. Chem., 23, 1921 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  439. A. J. Smith, W. Adcock, and W. Kitching, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 6140 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  440. E. W. Delia, Austral. J. Chem., 23, 2421 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  441. J. W. Emsley, Mol. Phys., 9, 381 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  442. N. Boden, J. W. Emsley, J. Feeney, and L. H. Sutcliffe, Mol. Phys., 8, 467 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  443. a) J. Feeney, L. H. Sutcliffe, and S. M. Walker, Mol. Phys., 11, 117 (1966) (b) J. Feeney, L. H. Sutcliffe, and S. M. Walker, Mol. Phys., 11, 129 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  444. a) J. Feeney, L. H. Sutcliffe, and S. M. Walker, Mol. Phys., 11, 137 (1966) (b) J. Feeney, L. H. Sutcliffe, and S. M. Walker, Mol. Phys., 11, 145 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  445. J. Homer and D. Callaghan, J. Chem. Soc. (B), 1573 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  446. M. J. S. Dewar and Y. Takeuchi, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 390 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  447. R. D. Chambers, J. A. Jackson, W. K. R. Musgrave, L. H. Sutcliffe, and G. J. T. Tiddy, Tetrahedron, 26, 71 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  448. J. B. Dence and J. D. Roberts, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 1542 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  449. G. H. Wahl and M. R. Peterson, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 7238 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  450. H. S. Gutowsky, D. W. McCall, B. R. McGarvey, and L. H. Meyer, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 74, 4809 (1952)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  451. R. W. Taft and L. D. McKeever, Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 2489 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  452. R. G. Pews and N. D. Ojha, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 5769 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  453. R. G. Pews and N. D. Ojha, Chem. Soc. (D), 1033 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  454. Y. Sasaki and M. Suzuki, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 18, 32 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  455. W. McFarlane, Quart. Rev., 23, 187 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  456. P. D. Ellis and G. E. Maciel, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 5829 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  457. N. Muller and D. E. Pritchard, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 768 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  458. N. Muller and D. E. Pritchard, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1471 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  459. J. N. Shoolery, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1427 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  460. N. Muller, J. Chem. Phys., 36, 359 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  461. R. J. Pugmire, D. M. Grant, M. J. Robins, and R. K. Robins, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 6381 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  462. P. Laszlo and P. von R. Schleyer, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 86, 1171 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  463. R. M. Hammaker, Chem. Phys., 43, 1843 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  464. A. W. Douglas, J. Chem. Phys., 40, 2413 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  465. R. Ditchfield, M. A. Jensen, and J. N. Murrell, J. Chem. Soc. (A), 1674 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  466. R. C. Fort and P. von R. Schleyer, Adv. Alicyclic Chem., 1, 283 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  467. K. B. Wiberg, Adv. Alicyclic Chem., 2, 185 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  468. K. Mislow, Tetrahedron Lett., 1415 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  469. C. S. Foote, Tetrahedron Lett., 579 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  470. F. J. Weigert and J. D. Roberts, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 5962 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  471. L. Lunazzi and F. Taddei, Spectrochim. Acta, 23A, 841 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  472. E. Sackmann, Z. Phys. Chem. (Frankfurt), 34, 283 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  473. D. M. Grant and W. M. Litchman, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 3994 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  474. J. E. Huheey, J. Chem. Phys., 45, 405 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  475. K. Ramaswamy and V. Devarajan, Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 8, 173 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  476. L. Lunazzi and F. Taddei, Spectrochim. Acta., 25A, 553 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  477. H. Dreeskamp and E. Sackmann, Z. Phys. Chem. ÇFrankfurt, 34, 273 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  478. K. M. Crecely, R. W. Crecely, and J. H. Goldstein, J. Phys. Chem., 74, 2680 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  479. L. Lunazzi, D. Macciantelli, and F. Taddei, Mol. Phys., 19, 137 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  480. E. R. Malinowski, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 83, 4479 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  481. K. L. Servis, W. P. Weber, and A. K. Willard, J. Phys. Chem., 74, 3960 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  482. W. J. Cosidine, J. Chem. Phys., 42, 1130 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  483. M. Karplus and D. M. Grant, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 45, 1269 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  484. M. Karplus, J. Phys. Chem., 64, 1793 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  485. E. R. Malinowski, L. Z. Pollara, and J. P. Larmann,J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 84, 2649 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  486. K. Tori and T. Nakagawa, J. Phys. Chem., 68, 3163 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  487. R. W. Crecely, J. M. Read, R. S. Butler, and J. H. Goldstein, Spectrochim. Acta., 24A, 685 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  488. G. P. van der Kelen and Z. Eeckhaut, J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 10, 141 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  489. N. Muller and P. I. Rose, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 84, 3973 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  490. S. G. Frankiss, J. Phys. Chem., 67, 752 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  491. K. L. Servis, W. P. Weber, and A. K. Willard, J. Phys. Chem., 74, 3960 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  492. C. H. Yoder, R. H. Tuck, and R. E. Hess, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 539 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  493. J. H. Goldstein and G. S. Reddy, J. Chem. Phys., 36, 2644 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  494. G. S. Reddy and J. H. Goldstein, Chem. Phys., 38, 2736 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  495. G. S. Reddy and J. H. Goldstein, J. Chem. Phys., 39, 3509 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  496. L. S. Rattet and J. H. Goldstein, J. Phys. Chem., 73, 4400 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  497. N. A. Matwiyoff and R. S. Drago, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 2583 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  498. E. B. Whipple, W. E. Stewart, G. S. Reddy, and J. H. Goldstein, J. Chem. Phys., 34, 2136 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  499. R. Ditchfield and J. N. Murrell, Mol. Phys., 14, 481 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  500. K. S. Dhami and J. B. Stothers, Can. J. Chem., 43, 510 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  501. R. S. Drago and N. A. Matwiyoff, J. Organometal. Chem., 3, 62 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  502. C. J. Jameson and M. C. Damasco, Mol. Phys., 18, 491 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  503. J. A. Pople, J. W. Mclver, and N. S. Ostlund, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1, 465 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  504. E. A. G. Armour and A. J. Stone, Proc. Roy. Soc. (A), 302, 25 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  505. G. A. Gray, G. E. Maciel, and P. D. Ellis, Magn. Resonance, 1, 407 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  506. S. Polezzo, P. Cremaschi, and M. Simonetta, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1, 357 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  507. G. E. Maciel, J. W. Mclver, N. S. Ostlund, and J. A. Pople, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 11 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  508. K. Frei and H. J. Bernstein, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 2126 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  509. G. A. Gray, P. D. Ellis, D. D. Traficante, and G. E. Maciel, J. Magn. Resonance, 1, 41 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  510. G. J. Karabatsos, J. D. Graham, and F. Vane, J. Phys. Chem., 65, 1657 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  511. O. Yamamoto, M. Watabe, and O. Kikuchi, Mol. Phys., 17, 249 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  512. G. J. Karabatsos, J. D. Graham, and F. M. Vane, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 84, 37 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  513. G. J. Karabatsos and C. E. Orzech, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 560 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  514. W. M. Litchman and D. M. Grant, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 6775 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  515. I. Love, Mol. Phys., 15, 93 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  516. J. N. Murrell, P. E. Stevenson, and G. T. Jones, Mol. Phys., 12, 265 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  517. A. C. Blizzard and D. P. Santry, Chem. Soc. (D), 1085 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  518. A. C. Blizzard and D. P. Santry, J. Chem. Soc. (D), 87 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  519. J. B. Stothers and P. C. Lauterbur, Can. J. Chem., 42, 1563 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  520. B. V. Cheney and D. M. Grant, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 5319 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  521. D. M. Grant and B. V. Cheney, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 5315 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  522. J. B. Stothers, Quart. Rev., 19, 144 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  523. E. F. Mooney and P. H. Winson, Ann. Rev. NMR Spectroscopy, 2, 153 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  524. P. C. Lauterbur, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 70, 841 (1958)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  525. E. R. Malinowski, U.S. Govt. Res. Develop. Rep., 63 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  526. M. Karplus and J. A. Pople, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 2803 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  527. G. B. Savitsky, P. D. Ellis, K. Namikawa, and G. E. Maciel, J. Chem. Phys., 49, 2395 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  528. G. E. Maciel, Chem. Phys., 42, 2746 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  529. G. E. Maciel, P. D. Ellis, J. J. Natterstad, and G. B. Savitsky, J. Magn. Resonance, 1, 589 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  530. T. Yonezawa, I. Morishima, and H. Kato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 39, 1398 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  531. A. Velenik and R. M. Lynden-Bell, Mol. Phys., 19, 371 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  532. R. Ditchfield, D. P. Miller, and J. A. Pople, Chem. Phys. Lett., 6, 573 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  533. E. G. Paul and D. M. Grant, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 1701 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  534. R. A. Friedel and H. L. Retcofsky, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 1300 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  535. J. I. Kroschwitz, M. Winokur, H. J. Reich, and J. D. Roberts, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 5927 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  536. L. M. Jackman and D. P. Kelly, J. Chem. Soc. (B), 102 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  537. A. S. Perlin and H. J. Koch, Can. J. Chem., 48, 2639 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  538. W. R. Woolfenden and D. M. Grant, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 88, 1496 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  539. F. J. Weigert and J. D. Roberts, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 1347 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  540. W. J. Horsley and H. Sternlicht, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 3738 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  541. J. C. Hammel and J. A. S. Smith, Chem. Soc. (A), 2883 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  542. R. Hagen and J. D. Roberts, Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 4504 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  543. W. H. de Jeu, Mol. Phys., 18, 31 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  544. G. W. Buchanan, D. A. Ross, and J. B. Stothers, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 88, 4301 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  545. T. Yokoyama, G. R. Wiley, and S. I. Miller, J. Org. Chem. 34, 1859 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  546. D. K. Dalling and D. M. Grant, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 6612 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  547. M. Jautelat, J. B. Grutzner, and J. D. Roberts, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 65, 288 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  548. D. Doddrell, C. Charrier, and J. D. Roberts, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 67, 1649 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  549. J. B. Grutzner, M. Jautelat, J. B. Dence, R. A. Smith, and J. D. Roberts, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 7107 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  550. H.-J. Schneider and W. Bremser, Tetrahedron Lett., 5197 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  551. J. D. Roberts, F. J. Weigert, J. I. Kroschwitz, and H. J. Reich, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 1338 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  552. K. Hatada, K. Nagata, and H. Yuki, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 43, 3195 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  553. H. J. Reich, M. Jautelat, M. T. Messe, F. J. Weigert, and J. D. Roberts, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 7445 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  554. D. E. Dorman and J. D. Roberts, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 65, 19 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  555. A. J. Jones, M. W. Winkley, D. M. Grant, and R. K. Robins, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 65, 27 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  556. N. Neuss, K. F. Koch, B. B. Molloy, W. Day, L. L. Huckstep, D. E. Dorman, and J. D. Roberts, Helv. Chim. Acta., 53, 2314 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  557. W. A. Gibbons, J. A. Sogn, A. Stern, L. C. Craig, and L. F. Johnson, Nature, 227, 840 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  558. D. E. Dorman and J. D. Roberts, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 1355 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  559. A. S. Perlin, B. Casu, and H. J. Koch, Can. J. Chem., 48, 2596 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  560. D. M. Grant and E. G. Paul, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 86, 2984 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  561. P. M. E. Lewis and R. Robinson, Tetrahedron Lett., 2783 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  562. V. A. Koptyug, A. I. Rezvukhin, E. Lippmaa, and T. Pehk, Tetrahedron Lett., 4009 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  563. B. M. Lynch, Chem. Comm., 1337 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  564. P. C. Lauterbur, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 83, 1846 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  565. P. C. Lauterbur, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 83, 1838 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  566. T. D. Alger, D. M. Grant, and E. G. Paul, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 88, 5397 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  567. J. E. Bloor and D. L. Breen, J. Phys. Chem., 72, 716 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  568. T. Tokuhiro and G. Fraenkel, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 5005 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  569. J. E. Bloor and D. L. Breen, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 89, 6835 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  570. W. Adam and A. Grimison, Theor. Chim. Acta., 7, 342 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  571. T. F. Page, T. Alger, and D. M. Grant, Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 5333 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  572. J. W. Emsley, J. Chem. Soc. (A), 1387 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  573. A. J. Jones, T. D. Alger, D. M. Grant, and W. M. Litchman, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 2386 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  574. A. J. Jones, D. M. Grant, M. W. Winkley, and R. K. Robins, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 92, 4079 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  575. W. Adam, A. Grimison, and G. Rodriguez, Tetrahedron, 23, 2513 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  576. P. C. Lauterbur, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 1406 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  577. A. J. Jones, P. D. Gardner, D. M. Grant, W. M. Litchman, and V. Boekelheide, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 2395 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  578. A. J. Jones and D. M. Grant, Chem. Comm., 1670 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  579. G. B. Savitsky, J. Phys. Chem., 67, 2723 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  580. P. C. Lauterbur, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 1415 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  581. P. C. Lauterbur, J. Chem. Phys., 38, 1432 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  582. H. L. Retcofsky and R. A. Friedel, J. Phys. Chem., 72, 290 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  583. H. L. Retcofsky and R. A. Friedel, J. Phys. Chem., 72, 2619 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  584. W. R. Woolfenden and D. M. Grant, J. Amer. Chem. Soc88, 1496 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  585. K. S. Dhami and J. B. Stothers, Can. J. Chem., 43, 479 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  586. K. S. Dhami and J. B. Stothers, Can. J. Chem., 43, 498 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  587. K. S. Dhami and J. B. Stothers, Tetrahedron Lett., 631 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  588. T. Tokuhiro, N. K. Wilson, and G. Fraenkel, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 3622 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  589. R. J. Pugmire and D. M. Grant, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 697 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  590. R. J. Pugmire, D. M. Grant, R. K. Robins, and G. W. Rhodes, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87, 2225 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  591. H. L. Retcofsky and R. A. Friedel, J. Phys. Chem., 71, 3592 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  592. A. Mathias and V. M. S. Gil, Tetrahedron Lett., 3163 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  593. R. J. Pugmire, D. M. Grant, M. J. Robins, and R. K. Robins, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 6381 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  594. P. C. Lauterbur, J. Chem. Phys., 43, 360 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  595. K. Takahashi, T. Sone, and K. Fujieda, J. Phys. Chem., 74, 2765 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1972 Plenum Publishing Company Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tribble, M.T., Traynham, J.G. (1972). Linear Correlations of Substituent Effects in 1H, 19F, and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. In: Chapman, N.B., Shorter, J. (eds) Advances in Linear Free Energy Relationships. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8660-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8660-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8662-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8660-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics