Skip to main content

Childhood Obesity and Anorexia Nervosa

  • Chapter
Handbook of Child Psychopathology

Abstract

Historically, moderate obesity in infants and children has been viewed as a sign of health and as an affirmation that one’s mother is loving and nurtrant. In less affluent countries such as India, obesity is considered to be a demonstration that the family has enough wealth to procure food. Additional evidence also suggests that various cultures differ in the norms for body weight that are considered to be the ideal of physical attractiveness for men and women (Goldblatt, Moore, & Stunkard, 1965).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander, F., & Flagg, G. W. The psychosomatic approach. In B. J. Wolman (Ed.). Handbook of clinical psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aragona, J., Cassady, J., & Drabman, R. S. Treating overweight children through parental training and contingency contracting. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1975, 8, 269–278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bachrach, A. J., Erwin, W. J., & Mohr, J. P. The control of eating behavior in an anorexic by operant conditioning techniques. In L. P. Ullman & L. Krasner (Eds.), Case studies in behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bemis, K. Current apprroaches to the etiology and treatment of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Bulletin, 1978, 85, 593–617.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhanji, S., & Thompson, J. Operant conditioning in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: A review and retrospective study of 11 cases. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1974, 124, 166–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blinder, B. J., Freeman, D. M. A., & Stunkard, A. J. Behavioral therapy of anorexia nervosa: Effectiveness of activity as a reinforcer of weight gain. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1970, 126, 1093–1098.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bliss, E. L., & Branch, C. H. H. Anorexia nervosa: Its history, psychology, and biology. New York: Paul Hoeber, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. M., Garfinkel, P. E., Jeuniewic, N., Moldofsky, H., & Stancer, H. C. Endocrine profiles in anorexia nervosa. In R. Vigersky (Ed.), Anorexia nervosa. New York: Raven Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruch, H. Developmental obesity and schizophrenia. Psychiatry, 1958, 21, 65–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruch, H. Eating disorders in adolescence. Proceedings of the American Psychopathology Association, 1970, 59, 181–202. (a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruch, H. Instinct and interpersonal experience. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1970, 11, 495–506. (b)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruch, H. Juvenile obesity. Its course and outcome. International Psychiatry Clinics., 1970, 7, 231–254. (c)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruch, H. Eating disorders: Obesity, anorexia nervosa, and the person within. New York: Basic Books, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruch, H. The golden cage. The enigma of anorexia nervosa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullen, B. A., Reed, R. B., & Mayer, J. Physical activity of obese and nonobese adolescent girls appraised by motion picture sampling. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1964, 14, 211–223.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canning, H., & Mayer, J. Obesity: An influence on high school performance? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1966, 20, 352–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casper, R. C., Davis, J. M., & Pandy, G. N. The eff’ect of the nutritional status and weight changes on hypothalamic function tests in anorexia nervosa. In R. Vigersky (Ed.), Anorexia nervosa. New York: Raven Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charney, E., Goodman, H. C., &McBride, M. Childhood antecedents of adult obesity: Do chubby infants become obese adults? New England Journal of Medicine, 1975, 295, 6–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, A. H., & Stonehill, E. Some psychological characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa before and after treatment. Paper read at IX European Psychosomatic Conference, Vienna, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, A. H., & Toms, D. A. Primary anorexia nervosa or weight phobia in the male: Report on 13 cases. British Medical Journal, 1972, 1, 334–338.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, A. H., Douglas, J. W. B., Ross, J. M., & Stonehill, E. Some developmental aspects of disorders of weight. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1970, 14, 313–320.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, A. H., Harding, B., & McGuinness, B. Anorexia nervosa: Psychoneurotic characteristics of parents: Relationship to prognosis. Journal of Psycchosomatic Research, 1974, 18, 167–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, A. H., Kalucy, R. S., Lacey, J. H., & Harding, B. The long-term prognosis in anorexia nervosa: Some factors predictive of outcome. In R. A. Vigersky (Ed.), Anorexia nervosa. New York: Raven Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, A. H., Palmer, R. L., & Kalucy, R. S. How conmion is anorexia nervosa? A prevalence study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1976, 128, 549–554.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dally, P. J. Anorexia nervosa: Long term follow up and effects of treatment. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1967, 11, 151–155.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dally, P. J. Anorexia nervosa. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danowski, T. S., Livstone, E., Gonzales, A. R., Jung, Y., & Khurana, R. C. Fractional and partial hypopituitarism in anorexia nervosa. Hormones, 1972, 3, 105–118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (III). Washignton, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eid, E. E. Follow-up study of physical growth of children who had excessive weight gain in first six months of life. British Medical Journal, 1970, 2, 74–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, L. H., Masek, B. J., & Marshall, W. R. A nutritionally based school program for control of eating in obese children. Behavior Therapy, 1978, 9, 766–778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erwin, W. J. A 16-year follow-up of a case of severe anorexia nervosa. Journal of Behaviour Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 1977, 8, 157–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A., Winokur, G., & Munoz, R. Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1972, 26, 57–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, S., & Cleveland, S. E. Body image and personality (2nd ed.). New York: Dover Publications, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, R. Food intake, fatness, and reproductive ability. In R. A. Vigersky (Ed.), Anorexia nervosa. New York: Raven Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, P. E. Perception of hunger and satiety in anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 1974, 4, 309–315.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, P. E., Moldofsky, H., & Garner, D. M. The outcome of anorexia nervosa: Significance of clinical features, body image, and behavior modification. In R. A. Vigersky (Ed.), Anorexia nervosa. New York: Raven Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garner, D. M., Garfinkel, P. E., Stancer, H. C., & Moldofsky, H. Body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa and obesity. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1976, 38, 327–336.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, S. C., Halmi, K. A., Casper, R., Eckert, E., & Davis, J. M. Pretreatment predictors of weight change in anorexia nervosa. In R. A. Vigersky (Ed.). Anorexia nervosa. New York, Raven Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt, P. B., Moore, M. E., & Stunkard, A. J. Social factors in obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1965, 192, 1039–1044.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grinker, J. Behavioral and metabolic consequences of weight reduction. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1973, 62, 30–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halmi, K. A. Anorexia nervosa: Demographic and clinical features in 94 cases. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1974, 36, 18–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halmi, K. A. Direct and interactive effects of behavior therapy in anorexia nervosa. Paper presented at the World Congress on Behavior Therapy, Jerusalem, Israel, July 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halmi, K. A., & Sherman, B. M. Gonadotropin response to LHRH in anorexia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1975, 32, 875–878.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halmi, K. A., Brodland, G., & Rigas, C. A follow-up study of 79 patients with anorexia nervosa: An evaluation of prognostic factors and diagnostic criteria. In R. D. Wirt, G. Winokur, & M. Roff (Eds.), Life history research in psychopathology (Vol. 4). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halmi, K. A., Goldberg, S. C., Eckert, E., Casper, R., & Davis, J. M. Pretreatment evaluation in anorexia nervosa. In R. A. Vigersky (Ed.), Anorexia nervosa. New York: Raven Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halmi, K. A., Powers, P., & Cunningham, S. Treatment of anorexia nervosa with behavior modification. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1975, 32, 93–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammar, S. L., Campbell, M. M., Campbell, V. A., Moores, N. L., Sareen, C., Gareis, F. J., & Lucas, B. An interdisciplinary study of adolescent obesity. The Journal of Pediatrics, 1972, 80, 373–383.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammar, S. L., Campbell, V., & Woolley, J. Treating adolescent obesity. Clinical Pediatrics, 1971, 10, 46–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huenemann, R. L. Factors associated with teenage obesity. In N. L. Wilson (Ed.), Obesity. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P. R., Stern, J. S., Greenwood, M. R. C., Zucker, L. M., & Hirsch, J. Effect of early nutrition on adipose cellularity and pancreatic insulin release in the Zucker rat. Journal of Nutrition, 1973, 103, 738–743.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. The life and work of Sigmund Freud. New York: Basic Books, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalucy, R. S., Crisp, A. H., & Harding, B. A study of 56 families with anorexia nervosa. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 1977, 50, 381–395.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, M. R., & Heiman, M. (Eds.). Evolution of psychosomatic concepts: Anorexia nervosa, a paradigm. New York: International Universities Press, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingsley, R. G., & Shapiro, J. A comparison of three behavioral programs for the control of obesity in children. Behavior Therapy, 1977, 8, 30–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leitenberg, H., Agras, W. S., & Thomson, L. E. A sequential analysis of the effect of selective positive reinforcement in modifying anorexia nervosa. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1968, 6, 211–218.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leon, G. R. Current directions in the treatment of obesity. Psychological Bulletin, 1976, 83, 557–578.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leon, G. R. Cognitive-behavior therapy for eating disturbances. In P. Kendall & S. Hollon (Eds.), Cognitive-behavioral interventions: Theory, research, and procedures. New York: Academic Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leon, G. R., & Chamberlain, K. Emotional arousal, eating patterns, and body image as differential factors associated with varying success in maintaining a weight loss. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1973, 40, 474–480. (a)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leon, G. R., & Chamberlain, K. Comparison of daily eating habits and emotional states of persons successful or unsuccessful in maintaining a weight loss.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1973, 41, 108–115. (b)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leon, G. R., & Roth, L. Obesity: Psychological causes, correlations, and speculations. Psychological Bulletin, 1977, 84, 117–139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leon, G. R., Bemis, K. M., & Lucas, A. R. Family interactions, control, and other interpersonal factors as issues in treatment of anorexia nervosa. Paper presented at the World Congress on Behavior Therapy, Jerusalem, Israel, July 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leon, G. R., Bemis, K. M., Meland, M., & Nussbaum, D. Aspects of body image perception in obese and normal-weight youngsters. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1978, 6, 361–371.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leon, G. R., Eckert, E. D., Teed, D., & Buchwald, H. Changes in body image and other psychological factors after intestinal bypass surgery for massive obesity. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1979, 2, 39–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. M., & Pool, K. B. Body build stereotypes: A cross cultural comparison. Psychological Reports, 1972, 31, 527–532.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. M., & Schroeder, C. Physique identification, preference, and aversion in kindergarten children. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5, 538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, J. K., Wolff, O. H., & Whelan, W. S. Childhood obesity: A long-term study of height and weight. British Medical Journal, 1961, 2, 145–148.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorand, S. Anorexia nervosa: Report of a case. In M. R. Kaufman & M. Heiman (Eds.), Evolution of psychosomatic concepts: Anorexia nervosa, a paradigm. New York: International Universities Press, 1964. (Reprinted fromPsychosomatic Medicine, 1943, 5, 282–292).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddox, G. L., Back, K. W., & Liederman, V. R. Overweight as social deviance and disability. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 1968, 9, 287–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, J. Obesity in adolescence. The Medical Clinics of North America, 1965, 49, 421–432. (a)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, J. Inactivity as a major factor in adolescent obesity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1965, 131, 502–506. (b)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, J. Genetic factors in human obesity. Postgraduate Medicine, 1965, 37, A-103-A-108. (c)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, J. Obesity during childhood. In M. Winick (Ed.), Childhood obesity. New York: Wiley & Sons, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mecklenburg, R. S., Loriaux, D. L., Thompson, R. H., Anderson, A. E., & Lipsett, M. B. Hypothalamic dysfunction in patients with anorexia nervosa. Medicine, 1974, 53, 147–159.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Minuchin, S., Rosman, B. L., & Baker, L. Psychosomatic families. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, H. G., & Russell, G. F. M. Value of family background and clinical features as predictors of long-term outcome in anorexia nervosa: 4 year follow-up study of 41 patients.Psychological Medicine, 1975, 5, 355–372.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mowrer, O. H. On the dual nature of learning—A reinterpretation of “conditioning” and “problem solving.” Harvard Educational Review, 1947, 17, 102–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nathan, S. Body image in chronically obese children as reflected in figure drawings.Journal of Personality Assessment, 1973, 37, 456–463.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nathan, S., & Pisula, D. Psychological observations of obese adolescents during starvation treatment.Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1970, 9, 722–740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Health Statistics. Weight by height and age of adults 18–74 years: United States, 1971–1974. Vital and health statistics advance data no. 14. November 30, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nylander, L The feeling of being fat and dieting in a school population: An epidemiologic interview investigation. Acta Sociomedica Scandinavica, 1971, 3, 17–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ollendick, T. H. Behavioral treatment of anorexia nervosa: A five-year study. Behavior Modification, 1979, 3, 124–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pertschuk, M. J. Behavior therapy: Extended follow-up. In R. A. Vigersky (Ed.), Anorexia nervosa. New York: Raven Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillay, M., & Crisp, A. H. Some psychological characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa whose weight has been newly restored. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 1977, 50, 375–380.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosman, B. L., Minuchin, S., Baker, L., & Liebman, R. A family approach to anorexia nervosa: Study, treatment, and outcome. In R. A. Vigersky (Ed.), Anorexia nervosa. New York: Raven Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotman, M., & Becker, D. Traumatic situations in obesity. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 1970, 18, 372–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiele, B. C., & Brozek, J. Experimental neurosis resulting from semi-starvation in man. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1948, 10, 31–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schonfeld, W. A. Body-image disturbances in adolescents with inappropriate sexual development.American Journal of Orthopsychology, 1964, 34, 493–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, C. C., & Mayer, J. Body build and obesity—Who are the obese? Journal of the American Medical Association, 1964, 189, 677–684.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, C. C., & Mayer, J.: A simple criterion of obesity. Postgraduate Medicine, 1965, 38, A-101-A-107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, C. C., & Mayer, J. Body build (somatotype) distinctiveness in obese women, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1969, 55, 454–458.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Selvini-Palazzoli, M. Anorexia nervosa. In S. Arieti (Ed.), World Biennial of Psychiatry & Psychoterapy, 1971, 1, 197–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, W. H. Atlas of men. New York: Harper & Row, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjöström, L. The contribution of fat cells to the determination of body weight.Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1978, 1, 493–521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slade, P. D., & Russell, G. F. M. Awareness of body dimensions in anorexia nervosa: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Psychological Medicine, 1973, 3, 188–199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smart, D. E., Beumont, P. J. V., & George, G. C. W. Some personality characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1976, 128, 57–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stunkard, A., & Burt, V. Obesity and the body image: I. Age at onset of disturbances in the body image. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1967, 123, 1443–1447.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stunkard, A., d’Aquili, E., Fox, S., & Filion, R. D. L. Influence of social class on obesity and thinness in children, Journal of the American Medical Association, 1972, 221, 579–584.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Theander, S. Anorexia nervosa: A psychiatric investigation of 94 female patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1970, Suppl. 214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Buskirk, S. S. A two-phase perspective on the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Bulletin, 1977, 84, 529–538.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waller, J., Kaufman, M. R., & Deutsch, F. Anorexia nervosa: A psychosomatic entity. In M. R. Kaufman & M. Heiman (Eds.), Evolution of psychosomatic concepts: Anorexia nervosa, a paradigm. New York: International Universities Press, 1964. (Reprinted from Psychosomatic Medicine, 1940, 2, 3–16.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, A. R. A behavioral approach to the treatment of adolescent obesity. Behavior Therapy, 1977, 8, 720–726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wooley, S. C., Wooley, O. W., & Dyrenforth, S. The case against radical interventions. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1980, 33, 465–471.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Leon, G.R., Dinklage, D. (1983). Childhood Obesity and Anorexia Nervosa. In: Ollendick, T.H., Hersen, M. (eds) Handbook of Child Psychopathology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7136-0_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7136-0_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7138-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7136-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics