Abstract
As discussed in previous chapters, maintaining a fish—pathogen-environment relationship that is favorable to the fish is critical to the continuing success of any hatchery, fish farm, or aquaculture facility. The most important method of achieving the required favorable relationship is to manage the interactions of fish with biological, chemical, and physical conditions in the rearing environment so as to minimize the effects of stress on resistance to infectious and noninfectious diseases. In some cases, however, it is practical to improve the fish—pathogen-environment relationship by reducing or eliminating the pathogen load of the water supply as well. At present, the most promising approaches are quarantine, brood-stock segregation, and other biological control methods that exclude pathogens from the hatchery facility initially; and water treatment systems using ultraviolet light (UV), chlorine, or ozone as disinfectants.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Batts, W. N., M. L. Landolt, and J. R. Winton. 1991. Inactivation of infectious hematopoietic virus by low levels of iodine. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57:1379–1385.
Blogoslawski, W. J., and M. E. Stewart. 1977. Marine applications of ozone water treatment. Pages 226–276 in C. Fochtman, R. Rice, and M. Browning (eds.), Forum on Ozone Disinfection. International Ozone Institute, Syracuse, New York.
Bower, S. M., D. J. Whitaker, and D. Voltolina. 1989. Resistance to ozone of zoospores of the thraustochytrid abalone parasite, Labryrinthuloides haliolidis, (Protozoa: Labrithromorpha). Aquaculture 78:147–152.
Caufield, J. D. 1991. Specifying and monitoring ultraviolet systems for effective disinfection of water. American Fisheries Society Symposium 10:421–426.
Chick, H. 1908. An investigation into the laws of disinfection. Journal of Hygiene 8:92–158.
Colberg, P. J., and A. J. Lingg. 1978. Effect of ozonation on microbial fish pathogens, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and BOD in simulated reuse hatchery water. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 35:1290–1296.
Dey, D. B., and D. M. Damkaer. 1991. Effects of spectral irradiance on the early development of chinook salmon. Progressive Fish-Culturist 52:141–154.
Hemdal, J. F. 1992. Reduction of ozone oxidants in synthetic seawater by use of sodium thiosulfate. Progressive Fish-Culturist 54:54–56.
Hoffman, G. L. 1975. Whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis): control with ultraviolet irradiation and effect on fish. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 11:505–507.
Jeffrey, D. J. 1995. Chemicals used as disinfectants: active ingredients and enhancing additives. Scientific and Technical Reviews, Office International des Epizooties 14:57–74.
Jensen, G. 1989. Handbook for common calculations in finfish aquaculture. Publication 8903 Louisiana State University, Agricultural Center. Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Kerr, J. B., and C. T. McElroy. 1993. Evidence for large upward trends of ultraviolet-B radiation linked to ozone depletion. Science 262:1032–1034.
Owsley, D. E. 1991. Ozone for disinfecting hatchery rearing water. American Fisheries Society Symposium 10:417–420.
Pascho, R. P., M. L. Landolt, and J. E. Ongerth. 1995. Inactivation of Renibacterium salmoninarum by free chlorine. Aquaculture 131:165–175.
Rosenthal, H., and J. S. Wilson. 1987. An updated bibliography (1845-1986) on ozone, its biological effects and technical applications. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1542. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Seegert, G. L., and A. S. Brooks. 1978. Dechlorination of water for fish culture: Comparison of the activated carbon, sulfite reduction, and photochemical methods. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 35:88–92.
Sharp, D. G., and J. Leong. 1980. Inactivation of poliovirus I (Brunhilde) single particles by chorine in water. Applied Environmental Microbiology 40:381–385.
Stahl, D. E., 1975. Ozone contacting systems. Pages 40–55 in First International Symposium on Ozone for Water and Wastewater Treatment. International Ozone Institute, Waterburry, Connecticut.
Tipping, J. 1988. Ozone control of ceratomyxosis: survival and growth benefits to steel-head and cutthroat trout. Progressive Fish-Culturist 50:202–210.
Torgersen, Y., and T. Håstein 1995. Disinfection in aquaculture. Scientific and Technical Reviews, Office International des Epizooties 14:419–434.
Ward, H. M. 1893. The action of light on bacteria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 54:472–489.
Watson, H. E. 1908. A note on the variation of the rate of disinfection with change in the concentration of the disinfectant. Journal of Hygiene 8:536–542.
Wedemeyer, G. A., and N. C. Nelson. 1977. Survival of two bacterial fish pathogens (Aeromonas salmonicida and the Enteric Redmouth Bacterium) in ozonated, chlorinated, and untreated waters. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:429–432.
Wedemeyer, G. A., N. C. Nelson, and W. T. Yasutake. 1979. Potentials and limits for the use of ozone as a fish disease control agent. Ozone: Science and Engineering 1:295–318.
Wei, J. H., and S. L. Chang. 1975. A multi-Poisson distribution model for treating disinfection data. Pages 11–47 in J. Johnson (ed.), Disinfection of Water and Wastewater. Ann Arbor Science Publishing, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Wheaton, F. W. 1977. Aquacultural Engineering. John Wiley, New York.
Yoshimizu, M, H. Takizawa, M. Sami, H. Kataoka, T. Kugo, and T. Kimura. 1990. Disinfectant effects of ultraviolet irradiation on fish pathogens in hatchery water supply. Pages 643–646 in R. Hirano and I. Hanyu (eds.). Second Asian Fisheries Forum. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wedemeyer, G.A. (1996). Managing Pathogen Exposure. In: Physiology of Fish in Intensive Culture Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6011-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6011-1_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7754-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6011-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive