Abstract
Early studies [11] of the material properties of human skin and muscle are largely suspect due to problems of inappropriate tissue handling, preservation and specimen preparation. Recent efforts have focused on methods which can determine properties in situ in living individuals or on very freshly excised tissues. Among the in vivo testing methodologies, indentation has proven to be the most popular, although it sums up the contributions of various tissue layers [1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9]. The load-displacement curve obtained during indentation depends in decreasing degree upon each of the tissues beneath the indentor. The derived properties, in addition, can be expected to vary with anatomical site, subject age and external environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, etc.). Additional results have been obtained in vivo through the use of Doppler ultrasound techniques [2, 5].
Data are provided from indentation and ultrasound measurement techniques only.
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© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Mak, A.F.T., Zhang, M. (1998). Skin and muscle. In: Black, J., Hastings, G. (eds) Handbook of Biomaterial Properties. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5801-9_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5801-9_7
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