Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) plays an important vasoconstrictive role (via postsynaptic alpha-receptors). Parasympathetic cholinergic stimulation induces the release of acetylcholine (Ach) which stimulates the muscarine receptors to inhibit the release of NE modulating vasodilatation in the microvasculature. It is known that Angiotensin II formed following renin stimulation from the kidneys or locally formed is an extremely important vasoconstrictive agent. In fact Angiotensin II induces the release of norepinephrine (NE) from the terminal neurones, it acts directly on Angiotensin II receptors (AT,), and enhances calcium current influx and releases endothelin (ET) from the endothelium (1). These systems influence the peripheral vascular system, inducing a predominantly vasoconstrictive action that can increase blood pressure. Therefore increased peripheral vascular resistance is almost always observed in hypertensive patients.
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Cicco, G., van der Kleij, A.J., Manicone, A., Vicenti, P., Dolce, E., Pirelli, A. (1998). The Effect of Losartan on Red Blood Cell Deformability and Tissue Oxygenation in Patients with Arterial Hypertension. In: Hudetz, A.G., Bruley, D.F. (eds) Oxygen Transport to Tissue XX. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 454. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4863-8_78
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4863-8_78
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